Nonthrombogenic Blood-contact Surfaces

A new approach involves growing of living cells on the blood-contacting surface. Bone marrow cells (112) and endothelial cell monolayers (113) both contribute to nonthrombogenicity. [Pg.677]

Kim SW, Jacobs H. Design of nonthrombogenic polymer surfaces for blood-contacting medical devices. Blood Purif 1996 14(5) 357-72. [Pg.341]

Biomaterials have played a vital role in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, examples of applications including heart valve prostheses, vascular grafts, stents, indwelling catheters, ventricular assist devices, total implantable artificial heart, pacemakers, automatic internal cardioverter defibrillator, intraaortic balloon pump, and more. A key requirement for materials in cardiovascular applications, particularly blood-contacting devices, is blood compatibility, that is, nonthrombogenic. Additional requirements include mechanical and surface properties that are application specific. Surveying the field of polymers used in cardiovascular applications reveals that PUs, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and expanded PTFE (ePTFE) are the most commonly used. This section will review each of the three polymers followed by a brief introduction of other emerging polymers for use in the cardiovascular area. [Pg.151]

Heparin can be attached to a variety of surfaces by means of complex formation with quaternary ammonium salts. Depending on the method used to attach heparin, the resulting surfaces may or may not release heparin when contacted with blood plasma. The removal of heparin from surfaces by plasma protein fractions was studied and it was found that alpha-globulins removed greater amounts than any other fraction. Heparinized surfaces adsorb proteins when exposed to blood or plasma. However, with the possible exception of thrombin, there is no consistent pattern of protein adsorption which can be related to their nonthrombogenicity. [Pg.185]

Biomedical materials include metals, ceramics, natural polymers (biopolymers), and synthetic polymers of simple or complex chemical and/or physical structure. This volume addresses, to a large measure, fundamental research on phenomena related to the use of synthetic polymers as blood-compatible biomaterials. Relevant research stems from major efforts to investigate clotting phenomena related to the response of blood in contact with polymeric surfaces, and to develop systems with nonthrombogenic behavior in short- and long-term applications. These systems can be used as implants or replacements, and they include artificial hearts, lung oxygenators, hemodialysis systems, artificial blood vessels, artificial pancreas, catheters, etc. [Pg.459]