Nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAlDs) nonselectively inhibit the activities of both COX-1 and COX-2. Out of concern for the gastrointestinal side effects of NSAID, scientists have discovered and developed many specific COX-2 inhibitors that facilitate a safer choice for controlling inflammatory diseases (73). Eor example, NS-398, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, has been shown to reduce tension (mechanical stress)-induced PGE2 production from periodontal ligament cell cultures (74). 

Spilding WM, Reeves MJ, Whelton A. Thromboembolic Cardiovascular Risk Among Arthritis Patients Using Cyclooxygenase-2-Selective Inhibitor or Nonselective Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs. American Journal of... 

FIGURE 33-4. Tissue distribution and actions of cyclooxygenase (COX) isoenzymes. Nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including aspirin (ASA) inhibit COX-1 and COX-2 to varying degrees COX-2 inhibitors inhibit only COX-2. Broken arrow indicates inhibitory effects. 

Chapter 4 - Nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, COX-2 inhibitors, and acetaminophen... 

Jahr JS, et al. Chapter 21 Nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, COX-2 inhibitors, and acetaminophen in acute perioperative pain. In Sinatra RS, de Leon-Casasola OA, Ginsberg B, Viscusi ER, eds. Acute Paitt Management. New York Cambridge University Press, 2009, pp. 332-365. 

Drugs that may affect nateglinide include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs), salicylates, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, rifamycins, MAOIs, and nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking agents, thiazides, corticosteroids, thyroid products, and sympathomimetics. 

Cryotherapy Cold/ice packs Ice massage Cold bath Vapocoolant sprays Decreased pain, edema, and inflammation Muscle relaxation and decreased spasticity Anti-inflammatory steroids (glucocorticoids) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics (aspirin and similar NSAIDs) Skeletal muscle relaxants Peripheral vasodilators may exacerbate acute local edema Nonselective cholinergic agonists may stimulate the neuromuscular junction Some forms of cryotherapy may produce local vasoconstriction that temporarily impedes diffusion of drugs to the site of inflammation... 

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