Nonmetric scaling

The book contains both the metric and nonmetric measures of temperature (Celsius and Fahrenheit). However, it should be noted that exact conversion of the two scales is not often possible and, accordingly, the two temperature scales are interconverted to the nearest 5. At the high tan-peratures often quoted in the process sections, serious error will not arise from such a conversion. With regard to the remaining metric/nonmetric scales of measurement, there are also attempts to indicate the alternate scales. For the sake of simplicity and clarity, simple illustrations (often line drawings) are employed for the various process options, remembering, of course, that a line between two reactors may not only be a transfer pipe but also a myriad of valves and control equipment. 

J.B. Kruskal, Multidimensional scaling by optimizing goodness of fit to a nonmetric hypothesis. Psychometrika, 29 (1964) 1-27,115-129. 

In order to provide an easy way to visualize how the methods differ from each other the accuracy values (Q3, Ca, Cp and Cc) for each method where subjected to nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis (Cox and Cox, 1994). The resulting graphs provide a representation in a two-dimensional space of the methods and those are shown in figure 3. As can be observed, the interrelationship between the methods... 

NONMETRIC MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING AS A DATA-MINING TOOL NEW ALGORITHM AND NEW TARGETS... 

In this chapter, we would like to demonstrate that one of the very old MVA tools, nonmetric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) [3], can work well as an unsupervised truly data-driven method for data reduction. We first explain an efficient maximally nonmetric algorithm [4] and then demonstrate its superiority to linear MVA methods. We also demonstrate that the subsequent application of linear MVA after data reduction by nMDS can often be a powerful data mining technique. 

The main purpose of this chapter is to advertise an efficient nonmetric multidimensional scaling scheme with possible new applications. In particular,... 

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