Nonmetals nonpolar/polar covalent bond

Solution KCl has a metal and a nonmetal ion attracted to one another and it will be ionic. H301+ has polar covalent bonds and one coordinate covalent bond. The bond between C and Cl will be polar covalent because of the difference in electronegativities. Si02 is sand and is a network solid. A sample of iron will have metallic bonds because only metal atoms are present. Fluorine is diatomic and will have nonpolar covalent bonds. HBr will have a polar covalent bond because of the great difference in electronegativity between these two nonmetals. 

The difference in chemical behavior between metals and nonmetals is intuitively clear to any chemist. Theoretical chemistry describes this diversity in terms of different types of chemical bonds. They are portrayed in textbooks as being nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, ionic, dative, donor-acceptor, coordination, and so on. Chemists ascribe specific bonds to the above types without a clear explanation of the grounds... 

A metal and a nonmetal—elements from opposite sides of the periodic table— have a relatively large AEN and typically interact by electron transfer to form an ionic compound. Two nonmetals—elements from the same side of the table— have a small AEN and interact by electron sharing to form a covalent compound. When we combine the nonmetal chlorine with each of the other elements in Period 3, starting with sodium, we should observe a steady decrease in AEN and a gradation in bond type from ionic through polar covalent to nonpolar covalent. 

Electronegativity and Polarity Electronegativity refers to the relative ability of elements to attract electrons within a chemical bond. Electronegativity increases as you move to the right across a period in the periodic table and decreases as you move down a column. When two nonmetal atoms of different electronegativities form a covalent bond, the electrons in the bond are not evenly shared and the bond is polar. In diatomic molecules, a polar bond results in a polar molecule. In molecules with more than two atoms, polar bonds may cancel, forming a nonpolar molecule, or they may sum, forming a polar molecule. 

Match each of the electron-dot formulas (a-c) with the correct diagram (1-3) of its shape, and name the shape indicate if each molecule is polar or nonpolar. Assume X and Y are nonmetals and all bonds are polar covalent. 

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