Nonlinear Ramsey fringes

Nonlinear Ramsey Fringes Using Three Separated Fields... 

Another solution to restore the Ramsey fringes, which are generally washed out in the second field, is based on the introduction of a third field at the distance 2L downstream from the first field. The idea of this arrangement was first pointed out by Chebotayev and coworkers [1257]. The basic idea may be understood as follows In Sect. 2.2 it was discussed in detail that the nonlinear absorption of a molecule in... 

C. J. Borde, Density matrix equations and diagrams for high resolution nonlinear laser spectroscopy application to Ramsey fringes in the optical domain, in Advances in Laser Spectroscopy, ed. by F.T. Atrecchi, F. Strumia, H. Walther (Plenum, New York, 1983), p. 1... 

We will first describe spectroscopy on collimated atomic beams and on kinematically compressed ion beams. Two groups of nonlinear spectroscopic tecliniques will be discussed saturation techniques and two-photon absorption techniques. We will also deal with the optical analogy to the Ramsey fringe technique (Sect. 7.1.2). In a subsequent section (Sect. 9.8) laser cooling and atom- and ion-trap techniques will be discussed. Here, the particles are basically brought to rest, ehminating the Doppler as well as the transit broadening effects. 

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