Nonlinear optical chromophore containing

Two crosslinkable perfluorinated bisphenol A polymeric derivatives having nonlinear optical chromophores containing thiophene have been prepared. Both crosslinked polymers had higher Tg s and greater mechanical stability than their noncrosslinked analogues and were used as light-emitting diodes. 

O. K. Kim, A. Fort, M. Barzoukas, M. Blanchard-Desce and J. M. Lehn, Nonlinear optical chromophores containing dithienothiophene as a new type of electron relay, J. Mater. Chem., 9, 2227-2232 (1999). 

Liao, Y. Anderson, C. Y. Sullivan, P. A. Akelaitis, A. J. P. Robinson, B. H. Dalton, L. R., Electro optical properties of polymers containing alternating nonlinear optical chromophores and bulky spacers, Chem. Mater. 2006, 18, 1062 1067... 

NMR spectra of nonlinear optical materials containing nitrobenzothiazole chromophores [785-787], 2-methylamino-5-nitrobenzothiazole [788], 7-alkyl-4-nitrobenzothiazoles [789], 2-chloromethyl-6-nitrobenzothiazole and its sulfonylalky-lation products [790], 2,7-disubstituted 4-nitrobenzothiazole used as antibacterial agents [791], 2-alkyl-5- and 2-alkyl-6-nitrobenzothiazole [792,793], 2-methylmercapto-5-and 2-methylmercapto-6-nitrobenzothiazole [794], l-(P-hydroxyethyl)-6-nitrobenzo-thiazolones-2 [795], 3-methyl- and 4-nitro-6-trifluoromethylbenzothiazolinethiones [796], 2-ethyl-3-methyl-6-nitrobenzothiazolium iodide and tosylate [797], copper(II) complex of N-2-(4-methylphenylsulfamoyl)-6-nitrobenzothiazole [214], and other nitrobenzothiazoles [798-802] have been measured. 

Considerable effort has been expended upon investigating the electronic absorption and fluorescence properties of carbazole derivatives or molecules containing a carbazole moiety/substructure, due to the interest of these compounds for application as nonlinear optical chromophores and as photoconducting materials. In the following, selection of papers is guided mainly by criteria of structural relevance, omitting very bulky molecules in which the carbazole unit is not prominent, or studies of luminescence properties. An overview of the electronic absorption spectra of carbazole derivatives is provided in Table 24. 

A polymer containing the nonlinear optical chromophore trans-2,2 -formyl-3,3, -4,4 -tetrabutoxyvinylthiophene was prepared and proved is effective as a waveguide. 

It was shown that the thermal stability of conventionally formed polyimide polymers and copolymers (bearing nonlinear optical chromophores) is adequate for numerous device applications. There is a problems, however, with doped systems in that they tend to undergo phase separation. This limits the amount of the nonlinear optics chromophore that can be incorporated into the system. To try and make doping unnecessary, multifunctional polymers were synthesized that contain all the necessary components. One limitation of this technology, however, is the small nonlinear optical response (r33) values for many such poiyimides. This is not true of all of them. 

The above polyimide, one that contains 32 mol% of nonlinear optics chromophore, was reported to have an r33 of 16 pmW (at 0.83 pm) with the electro-optieal signal showing almost no change when the polymer is heated to 90 °C for greater than 1000 hours... 

Yu et. al, found that molecules containing two 2,6-diacetamido-4-pyridone groups and a nonlinear optical chromophore will self-assemble with diimides or bis(uracil) structures, to yield polymer-like hydrogen-bonded assemblies. 

Kimura, et al. synthesized polymers bearing oligo-aromatic esters as side chains to form second-order nonlinear optical active polymers on the basis of architecture. The cut-off wavelength ( co) of these polymers is shorter than the visible region, i.e., kco ca. 330-370 nm, which are much shorter than the typical second order nonlinear optics polymer containing chromophores like azobenzene. These polymer films exhibit good transparency in the visible region. The second-order nonlinear optical coefficient, is 2.2-9.S pm.V... 

Cui, Y., Qian, G., Chen, L Wang, Z and Wang, M. (2007) Hybrid nonlinear optical materials containing imidazole chromophore through the sol-gel process. Macromol Rapid Commun., 28, 2019-2023. 

Zhu Z, Li Z, Tan Y, Li Z, Li Q, Zeng Q, Ye C, Qin J (2006) New hyperbranched polymers containing second-order nonlinear optical chromophores synthesis and nonlinear optical characterization. Polymer 47 7881-7888... 

Xie J, Hu L, Shi W, Deng X, Cao Z, Shen Q (2008) Synthesis and nonlinear optical properties of hyperbranched polytriazole containing second-order nonlinear optical chromophore. J Polym Sci B Polym Phys 46 1140-1148... 

Synthesis of Aromatic Pofyethers Containing Nonlinear Optical Chromophores... 

A series of nonlinear optical (NLO) donor-aceptor chromophores containing a fused dithienothiophene (DTT) as electron relay have been synthesized and investigated. The compounds Dj-OTT-Aj 75, D -DTT-A2 76, and D -DTT-A3 77 have shown high thermal stability, which is significant for their use as the active components in optoelectronic devices <2004CEJ3805, 1999JMC2227>. 

A synthesis and physicochemical characterization, including molecular second-order nonlinear optical properties, of new push-pull-based chromophores 170 properly functionalized for polymerization and containing oxadiazole rings were reported <2002J(P2)1791>. 

In addition to characterization of the structure of chromophores and chromo-phore-containing polymer materials by standard techniques [such as FT-NMR, FT-IR, mass spectrometry, UV-Visible spectrometry, elemental analysis, thermal methods (including TGA, DSC, and TMA), and electrochemical (e.g., cyclic voltammetry) methods], characterization of relevant optical and nonlinear optical properties must be carried out for both chromophores and chromophore-containing polymer materials. 

Recently, the investigations of nitrobenzisoxazoles mainly 6-nitrobenzisoxazole-3-carboxilate ions have received considerable interest due to their participation in reverse micellar systems [679-682], Reverse micelles are of considerable interest as reaction media because they are powerful models for biological compartmental-ization, enzymatic catalysis, and separation of biomolecules. Solutions of ionic surfactants in apolar media may contain reverse micelles, but they may also contain ion pairs or small clusters with water of hydration [679], Molecular design of nonlinear optical organic materials based on 6-nitrobenzoxazole chromophores has been developed [451],... 

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