Noncompressible flow

If either the tube-side film coefficient or fouling coefficient is the controlling resistance to heat transfer, doubling the tube-side velocity can increase the overall heat-transfer coefficient by 50%. Be careful This modification will also increase the tube-side pressure drop (assuming noncompressible flow) by a factor of eight. Such an increase in pressure drop is frequently acceptable when operating at lower throughputs. 

The following procedure can be followed in calculating the steady-state contingency of tube rupture. The calculation procedure is different for compressible and noncompressible flow. 

Noncompressible flow. The normal Darcy equation is used in calculating the flow through a ruptured tube. The pressure drop calculated using the Darcy equation is... 

The requirements for solid-phase synthesis are diverse. The support must be insoluble, in the form of beads of sufficient size to allow quick removal of solvent by filtration, and stable to agitation and inert to all the chemistry and solvents employed. For continuous-flow systems, the beads also must be noncompressible. Reactions with functional groups on beads imply reaction on the inside of the beads as well as on the surface. Thus, it is imperative that there be easy diffusion of reagents inside the swollen beads and that the reaction sites be accessible. Accessibility is facilitated by a polymer matrix that is not dense and not highly functionalized. A matrix of defined constitution allows for better control of the chemistry. Easier reaction is favored by a spacer that separates the matrix from the reaction sites. Coupling requires an environment of intermediate polarity such as that provided by dichloromethane or dimethylformamide benzene is unsuitable as solvent. 

For any given operating conditions involving the flow of a noncompressible fluid through a pipe of constant diameter, the total mechanical-energy balance can be reduced to the following form ... 

Evaluation of the term / vdp in Eq. (4) may be difficult if a compressible fluid is flowing through the system, because the exact path of the compression or expansion is often unknown. For noncompressible fluids, however, the specific volume v remains essentially constant and the integral term reduces simply to v(p2 - Pi). Consequently, the total mechanical-energy balance is especially useful and easy to apply when the flowing fluid can be considered as noncompressible. 

The flow rate of a monomer is generally given by the volume of the gas at standard temperature and pressure (273 K and 1 atm) per unit time (e.g., cm sTp/min, which is often designated as standard cubic centimeters per minute, seem ). In the gas phase, the pressure and volume determine the total number of molecules of the gas under consideration. In other words, in order to define a system one must definepV p or V alone cannot define the system. In contrast to this situation for a gas, with a noncompressible liquid the volume alone can be used to define the system. Thus, 1 cm sTP> means 1 cubic centimeter at 1 atm and 273 K, the dimension of which is not but L p. Therefore, the flow rate given by cubic centimeters (STP) per minute, seem, is proportional to moles per minute. Thus, it is important to recognize that cubic centimeters (STP) does not represent the volume of a gas but gives a value proportional to the number of moles of a gas. 

Ventari coefficient Equation (8.33) applies strictly to the frictionless flow of noncompressible fluids. To account for the small friction loss between locations a and b, Eq. (8.33) is corrected by introducing an empirical factor C and writing... 

Raw particulate solids for tabletting may be described by three types 1. Noncom-pressible powders, 2. compressible powders possessing poor flow characteristics, and 3. compressible powders featuring good flow properties. Noncompressible powders are either pregranulated wet, which adds a binder component that also renders the granulate... 

Since the precipitates we deal with typically are compressible and do not form permeable cakes with desirable characteristics, it is standard practice to add a filter aid. Materials such as the flocculants that are used in brine treatment are sometimes referred to as filter aids because they improve the filterability of the particles that are to be removed. In our usage, however, a filter aid is a solid material added to the process to improve the characteristics of a filter cake. It should provide a noncompressible surface that does not quickly lose its porosity as solids accumiflate. Without such a material, the surface in a pressure filter would soon become blinded. The filter aid is applied to the filtering surface before flow of brine begins in order to provide a good foundation. A slurry is circulated from a tank through the filter until enough filter aid, or precoat, has deposited. 

A. Noncompressible Fluid Flow. The Darcy formula, Eq. (13), is applicable for noncompressible liquid flow. It applies in all situations with the possible exception of a liquid pressure drop so high that the outlet pressure drops to the vapor pressure of the liquid. This condition has to be avoided by changing the pipe size, decreasing the flow rate, or forcing a back pressure. Re in Eq. (13) is calculated from Eq. (15), the flow velocity from the area of the pipe. A, and the volumetric flow rate, Q, as ... 

B. Compressible Fluid Flow. Fluid flow is considered noncompressible if the pressure and temperature changes are small enough to cause insignificant changes in the... 

Gel-filled mineral porous material Silica filled with dextran gels. Composite porous particles filled with viscoelastic synthetic gels High sorption capacity at high flow rates, high resolution, noncompressibility HyperD, BioSepra... 

Physical unit operations include the following a. Fluid flow in pipes Noncompressible. 

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