Nonaction alternative

Table 16.9 lists five remedial alternatives and their primary components. The nonaction alternative (Alternative 1) provides a baseline for comparison of other alternatives. Because no remedial activities will be implemented with the nonaction alternative, long-term human health and environmental risks for the site essentially will be the same as those identified in the baseline risk assessment. All other action alternatives with action have four common components ... 

In fact, the nonaction alternative also requires groundwater monitoring and fencing. The following paragraphs describe the actions posed by the nonaction alternative and the four alternatives with actions, considering the site remediation case shown in Figure 16.21 and Table 16.9. 

The nonaction alternative (1) provides no control of exposure to the contaminated soil and no reduction in the risk to human health posed through the groundwater. It also allows for possible continued migration of the contaminated plume and further degradation of the groundwater. 

The evaluation of the ability of the alternatives to comply with ARARs includes a review of chemical-specific and action-specific ARARs as listed in Table 16.10. All alternatives will meet all of their respective ARARs except the nonaction alternative. 

The ionophoric antibiotic nonactin is a 32-membered macrocycle that contains two units of (-)-nonactic acid and two units of (+)-nonactic acid in an alternating sequence. 

Thus, the corporation of maleic anhydride units into the chain of alternating copolymers does not deprive the macromolecule of the ability to form complexes but influences the composition and the properties of the resulting complexes. It is possible that in a given case, the necessary length of the sequences of repeating pairs of the active and nonactive units, providing the process of the cooperative interactions, is reached. 

Nonactin is composed of two subunits of the (+)-nonactic acid 10 and two subunits of the (-)-nonactic acid 12, joined together by lactone linkages in an alternating sequence to give overall the... 

The synthesis of nonactin requires that the (+)- and (-)-nonactic acid units be joined together in an alternating sequence, followed by closing the ends to give the macrocycle. There are two possibilities for ring-formation (i) cyclodimerisation of a dimer and (ii) unimolecular cyclisation of... 

For these cases the reasonable conclusion is that partial replacement has taken place uniformly upon each particle. The alternative of complete segregation of active from nonactive particles scarcely seems reasonable. 

Nonactin (Fig. 2 is a macrotetrolide antibiotic comprised of four nonactic acid groups that have alternating chirality. Nonactin is of historical interest, as its potassium complex was the first solid-state structure of an ionophore complex to be resolved.The resulting structural insights were valuable in explaining the formation of such... 

The structure of nonactin was elucidated by Gerlach and coworkers, who found that nonactin was a macrocyclic ester consisting of four alternating units of levorotatory and dextrorotatory nonactic acid, a hydroxy acid containing a cis-tetrahydro-furan ring. In 1975, the structure of nonactin was confirmed by total syntheses by Gerlach and by Schmidt. ... 

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