Non-Uniform Changes

The non-uniform change in the steric substituent constant with systematic changes in the structure of the substituent clearly suggests that the substituent affects the reactivity of the molecule by a complex mechanism. Few attempts have been made to analyze this effect. 

SHOCK OR WATER RAM IN PIPE LINES WITH IMPERFECT REFLECTION AT THE DISCHARGE END AND INCLUDING THE EFFECTS OF FRICTION AND NON-UNIFORM CHANGE OF VALVE OPENING... 

Warpage Distortion caused by non-uniform change of internal stresses. 

Residual stress in both amorphous and semi-crystalline plastics are mainly the result of non-uniform changes in molded part volume caused by temperature gradients as the molded part cools down from temperatures above its glass transition temperature. 

The simple model given above does not take account of the facts that industrial refractories are poly crystalline, usually non-uniform in composition, and operate in temperature gradients, both horizontal and vertical. Changes in the coiTosion of multicomponent refractories will also occur when there is a change in the nature of tire phase in contact with the conoding liquid for example in Ca0-Mg0-Al203-Cf203 refractories which contain several phases. 

Since it is often difficult to visualise the extent of attack in terms of depth from such mass-loss units as mdd, it is common practice to convert these mdd figures into others to indicate depth of penetration, i.e. inches per year (ipy), mils or mm y" . Such calculations suffer from the same defects as the mdd figures in that they take into account neither changes in corrosion rates with time nor non-uniform distribution of corrosion. However, since such conversions are often made it is desirable for the initial reporter of the test results to make the calculations accurately and to report corrosion rates in both mdd and mm y or similar units. 

GP 1[ [R 1[ A change from aluminum to platinum as construction material results in reduced micro-reactor performance concerning oxidation of ammonia, decreasing N2O selectivity by 20% [28]. This is explained by the lower thermal conductivity of platinum, which causes larger temperature differences (hot spots) within the micro channels, i.e. at the catalyst site, e.g. due to insufficient heat removal from the channels or also by non-uniform temperature spread of the furnace heating. 

Dependence of results from the prior-prejudice distribution. Non-uniform prior-prejudice distributions (NUP for short in what follows) were initially introduced by Jauch and Palmer by centering 3D Gaussian functions at the nuclear positions [29]. They found that the low-density regions of the crystal changed significantly upon introduction of the NUP, but the uneven distribution of errors persisted. 

Non-uniformity of composition sometimes can be exploited to advantage, e.g., in observing work function changes at a series of compositions, a sliding cathode photo tube (41), Fig- 4, was used. A curved substrate, either cylindrical or spherical, can also be used in preparing specimens with a broad range of concentrations (42) ... 

For these conditions, Armaou and Christofides [4] determine the thickness profile, in Fig. 10.4-3, for the amorphous silicon film after 60 s, when the average thickness reaches 500 A. When characterizing the non-uniformity of the film, the sharp increase in thickness calculated near the outer edge of the wafer is assumed to be due to the boundary conditions, which assume step changes to zero concentrations at the edge. Brass and Lee (2003) disregard the profile from r = 3.6 to 4 cm, and compute the non-uniformity as ... 

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