Non-oxidative atmosphere

A non-oxidizing atmosphere, such as hydrogen, carbon dioxide, or nitrogen, usually results in a better product.29 In the rearrangement of 1,5-diallyloxyanthracene,60 no pure product was obtained when the ether was heated in diethylaniline, but, when the reaction was carried out in the presence of acetic anhydride and diethylaniline, the rearrangement product was readily isolated in the form of its diacetate. The very sensitive dihydroxy compound formed was protected from decomposition by acetylation. This device has been employed in work on naphtho-hydroquinone 101 and hydroquinone derivatives.1 2... 

However, it is noteworthy that the thermolysis of (Me3SiO)jSb under a non-oxidizing atmosphere (argon) affords SbMes and not the desired Sb203 in MOCVD processes . ... 

The addition of sulphur to a stoichiometric amount of a secondary phosphine, R2PH, in a solvent and in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, affords the phosphine sulphide, R2P(S)H The further addition of sulphur (a less than stoichiometric amount is recommended ) which, in principle should provide the phosphinodithioic acid, R2P(S)SH, was the method used originally in 1871 by Hofmann, without published details, for the preparation of diethylphosphinodithioic acid, and remains, following modifications, one of the more important means of obtaining such compounds. 

W. Held, A. Konig, T. Richter and L. Puppe "Catalytic NOx-Reduction in Non-Oxidizing Atmosphere", SAE Technical Paper Series 900496 (1990)... 

P-38 - Topochemical changes in large MFI-type crystals upon thermal treatment in oxidizing and non-oxidizing atmosphere... 

The cathodes can be of the hot type such as tungsten, carbon or molybdenum, cathodes which obviously must be used in a non oxidizing atmosphere. Under certain conditions of oxidizing atmosphere one can use zirconium or hafnium cathodes. The so-called cold cathodes are generally made of copper is -i - ). Heat losses at the cathode are generally quite low (less than 15% of power input to the arc). For a tungsten cathode tip, erosion with current is of g/Clb... 

C, and in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, B4C is the hardest compound known up to now. B4C is thus used for wear-resistant parts and inserts for mortars and ball mills, wear plates, sand blasting nozzles, dressing tools for grinding wheels, lightweight armor plates for helicopters, tanks, and in composites of glass fiber-reinforced plastics as bullet-proof protection for personnel. 

The most conmum synthesis technique for carbon cryogels from polymer precursors is based on their thermal processing in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, usually argOTi or nitrogen, at 800-1,000 °C. The polymer precursor is mainly synthesized by... 

The coating is a metal whose oxide is reducible by heating in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. For example, the coating metal is selected from copper, nickel, zinc, or tin. Copper is the most preferred coating metal. 

CNTs are great heat conductors in the direction of their axis, but are poor thermal conductors in the transverse axis. Measurements indicate thermal conductivity values between 1,000 and 6,000 Wm k [65, 66], comparable to diamond (2,000 Wm k ). The thermal stability of carbon nanotubes is extremely high in non-oxidizing atmospheres MWNTs can withstand up to 2,800 °C [67]. 

Hlgh>Temperature Thermal Insulation. A potential application of vitreous-carbon foam is high-temperature thermal insulation in vacuum or non-oxidizing atmosphere. Severai factors combine to make this structure an exceiient thermal insulator (a)Vne low volume fraction of the solid phase, which limits conduction (b) the small cell size, which virtually eliminates convection and reduces radiation through repeated absorption/reflection at the cell walls and (c) the poor conductivity of the enclosed gas (or vacuum). An additional advantage is its excellent thermal-shock resistance due to its... 

Polymeric material with high molecular directionality is carbonized, treated in 1 to 5 M aqueous nitric add and heated at 350°C in non-oxidizing atmosphere process is repeated 7 to 10 times to yield carbon supercapadtor electrode with volumetric capadtance up to 300 F / cmL... 

The low-temperature a-Ce2S3 phase is exactly stoichiometric and is stable up to 900 C in non-oxidizing atmospheres This phase is readily produced, but has very little interest in terms of color because of its brownish-black shade. 

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