Non-linear Optical Properties of Polymers

Non-linear optics (NO) has a great practical importance in electrooptics, in optical switches and modulators.107-109 The discovery of lasers has provided the ideal tool to study non-linear optical phenomena in molecules and polymers experimentally. 

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The unusual non-linear optical properties of polymer diacetylenes opened attractive prospects for their application in three or four-wave parametric amplifiers. Sauteret etal. reported that with a 1.06 pm, 1 GW/cm pump the gain for four-wave parametric amplification in the near infrared in PTS is about ten times larger than the gain for three-wave parametric amplification in LiNbOs. However, later work... 

Butcher and Cotter (1990), Boyd (2003) and Sutherland (2003) provide overviews of non-linear optics. Prasad and Williams (1991) have discussed the non-linear optics of molecules and polymers. Detailed accounts on this topic can be found in Bosshard et al. (1995), Kajzar and Swalen (1996) and Kuzyk and Dirk (1998). More specialised reviews are those of Yesodha et al. (2004), on non-linear polymers with azobenzene pendent groups, and Sioncke et al. (2003), who describe the second order non-linear optical properties of chiral molecules and polymers. 

Table 3.3rd Order Non Linear Optical Property of Organoboron Polymers...

There has been an explosion-like development in the treatment of non-linear optical properties of ID polymers and clusters. In Section 5 besides referring to the latest book in this field,4 we have again restricted ourselves to the main methods applied and to some illustrative examples. 

Theory of Non-linear Optical Properties of Quasi ID Periodic Polymers. -... 

See e.g. Nonlinear Optical and Electroactive Polymers , Prasad, P. N., Ulrich, D. R., Eds. Plenum Press New York, 1988. Nonlinear Optical Effects in Organic Polymers , Messier, J., Kajzar, F., Prasad, P., Ulrich, D., Eds. Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1989. Non Linear Optical Properties of Organic Molecules and Crystals , Chemla, D. S., Zyss, J., Eds. Academic Press Orlando, FL, 1987, Vol. 2,... 

The Suzuki reactions and the substituted PPP produced by tfiis route have also been used in order to obtain ladder-type polymers [85]. These polymers possess a two-dimensional structure and incorporation of the n chain into a rigid ladder allows full conjugation. 7t-Extended systems of the ladder type are expected to show small HOMO/LUMO energy differences and high hyperpolarizability. The optical, electrical, photoelectrical and non-linear optical properties of these materials appear to show great promise. An organic electroluminescent diode is an example of the expected future applications of such materials. 

F. Simoni, Non-linear optical properties of liquid crystals and polymers dispersed liquid crystals - series on liquid crystals, Vol. 2, pp. 217-250, World Scientific, Singapore. (1997). 

Rodriguez, F.J., Sanchez, C., Villacampa, B., Alcala, R., Cases, R., Millaruelo, M., Oriol, L. Optical anisotropy and non-linear optical properties of azobenzene methacrylic polymers. Polymer (Guildf) 45(7), 2341-2348 (2004)... 

The metallic properties of the heavily-doped polymers provided the initial focus of interest in the electronic properties, but the theoretical framework for the modelling of the electronic excitations due to Rice [5] and Su et al [6], which for the case of trans-polyacetylene take the form of solitary-wave excitations of the chain, has broadened the area of interest to cover, in particular, the optical and non-linear optical properties of this class of polymos. 

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