Nomenclature of alkyl groups

TABLE 2.8 Summary of lUPAC Nomenclature of Alkyl Groups ... 

The lUPAC rules penrrit alkyl halides to be named in two different ways, called functional class nomenclature and substitutive nomenclature. In functional class nomenclature the alkyl group and the halide (fluoride, chloride, bromide, or iodide) are designated as separate words. The alkyl group is naned on the basis of its longest continuous chain beginning at the carbon to which the halogen is attached. 

TABLE D.4 Alkane Nomenclature Number of carbon atoms Formula Name of alkane Name of alkyl group... 

The following alkanes show the use of alkyl group nomenclature. 

This chapter focuses on the substitution reactions of alkyl halides—compounds in which the leaving group is a halide ion (F , CF, Br , or F). The nomenclature of alkyl halides was discussed in Section 2.4. 

Applying the lUPAC Rules The Names of the CjH,4 Isomers 69 What s in a Name Organic Nomenclature 70 Alkyl Groups 72 lUPAC Names of Highly Branched Alkanes 73... 

An alkyl group lacks one of the hydrogens of an alkane A methyl group (CH3 —) is an alkyl group derived from methane (CH4) Unbranched alkyl groups m which the point of attachment is at the end of the chain are named m lUPAC nomenclature by replac mg the ane endings of Table 2 2 by yl... 

Tabular summaries of the lUPAC rules for alkane and alkyl group nomenclature appear on pages 96-98... 

While developing the connections between structure reaction and mechanism we will also extend the fundamentals of lUPAC nomenclature to functional group families beginning with alcohols and alkyl halides... 

Ethers are named m substitutive lUPAC nomenclature as alkoxy derivatives of alkanes Functional class lUPAC names of ethers are derived by listing the two alkyl groups m the general structure ROR m alphabetical order as separate words and then adding the word ether at the end When both alkyl groups are the same the prefix di precedes the name of the alkyl group... 

Section 16 1 Ethers are compounds that contain a C—O—C linkage In substitutive lUPAC nomenclature they are named as al/coxy derivatives of alkanes In functional class lUPAC nomenclature we name each alkyl group as a separate word (m alphabetical order) followed by the word ether... 

Alkylamines are named m two ways One method adds the ending amine to the name of the alkyl group The other applies the principles of sub stitutive nomenclature by replacing the e ending of an alkane name by amine and uses appropriate locants to identify the position of the ammo group Arylammes are named as derivatives of aniline... 

A single alkane may have several different names a name may be a common nfflne, or it may be a systematic name developed by a well-defined set of rules. The most widely used system is lUPAC nomenclature. Table 2.6 summarizes the rules for alkanes and cycloalkanes. Table 2.7 gives the r-ules for naming alkyl groups. 

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