Nomenclature alkyl compounds

Section 16 1 Ethers are compounds that contain a C—O—C linkage In substitutive lUPAC nomenclature they are named as al/coxy derivatives of alkanes In functional class lUPAC nomenclature we name each alkyl group as a separate word (m alphabetical order) followed by the word ether... 

The general formula for boric acid esters is B(OR)2. The lower molecular weight esters such as methyl, ethyl, and phenyl are most commonly referred to as methyl borate [121 -43-7] ethyl borate [130-46-9J, and phenyl borate [1095-03-0] respectively. Some of the most common boric acid esters used in industrial appHcations are Hsted in Table 1. The nomenclature in the boric acid ester series can be confusing. The lUPAC committee on boron chemistry has suggested using trialkoxy- and triaryloxyboranes (5) for compounds usually referred to as boric acid esters, trialkyl (or aryl) borates, trialkyl (or aryl) orthoborates, alkyl (or aryl) borates, alkyl (or aryl) orthoborates, and in the older Hterature as boron alkoxides and aryloxides. CycHc boric acid esters, which are trimeric derivatives of metaboric acid (HBO2), are known as boroxines (1). 

Both common and systematic names of compounds are used throughout this volume, depending on which the Editor-in-Chief feels is most appropriate. Preparations appear in the alphabetical order of names of the compound or names of the synthetic procedures. The Chemical Abstracts indexing name for each title compound, if it differs from the title name, is given as a subtitle. Because of the major shift to new systematic nomenclature adopted by Chemical Abstracts in 1972, many common names used in the text are immediately followed by the bracketed, new names. Whenever two names are concurrently in use, the carre CChemical Abstracts name is adopted. The prefix n- is deleted from -alkanes and w-alkyls. All reported dimensions are now expressed in S st me International units. 

Protonation of the anion [SN2] by acetic acid in diethyl ether produces the thermally unstable sulfur diimide S(NH)2. Like all sulfur diimides, the parent compound S(NH)2 can exist as three isomers (Scheme 5.5). Ab initio molecular orbital calculations indicate that the (cis,cis) configuration is somewhat more stable than the (cis,trans) isomer, while the (trans,trans) isomer is expected to possess considerably higher energy. The alternative syn,anti or E,Z nomenclatures may also be used to describe these isomers. The structures of organic derivatives S(NR)2 (R = alkyl, aryl) are discussed in Section 10.4.2. 

Figure 1 Nomenclature of phosphorus-chalcogen compounds (names in brackets refer to the anionic deprotonatedform). R = alkyl, aryl E — S, Se, Te...

Many organic compounds contain oxygen atoms bonded to alkyl groups. The major classes of oxygen-containing compounds are alcohols, ethers, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and acid derivatives. We will cover their nomenclature in greater detail in upcoming chapters. 

The nor- prefix has a number of meanings in trivial organic nomenclature. Here it tells us that this structure is like that of the parent compound but less one or more alkyl groups—that is. no Rgroups. This isn t the derivation of the word though—historically it comes from the German... 

Following the recommended system of nomenclature (reference 6, Chapter 1), the alkyls having two or more different groups on the silicon are named as derivatives of silane and the term silicon tetra- is reserved for those compounds in which the four substituents are all alike. 

The Geneva system is a method of nomenclature which does not have this disadvantage since it is applicable to even the most complex hydrocarbons. To use this method it is first necessary to pick out the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms in the molecule and number them consecutively. The compound is considered to be a derivative of this longest continuous chain hydrocarbon. The various alkyl groups attached to this chain are named in the usual manner and their position is indicated by the number of the carbon atom to which they are joined. For example, for isopentane, there are four carbons in a... 

Monocyclic and polycyclic compounds with rings built exclusively of arsenic or antimony atoms are the scope of this chapter. The monocycles are known as cyclopolyarsanes (RAs) or cyclopolystibanes (RSb) with R = alkyl or aryl and n = 3-6. The lUPAC nomenclature suggests the following specific names for each ring size ... 

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