Nomenclature acyl group

Ketones. Acyclic ketones are named (1) by adding the suffix -one to the name of the hydrocarbon forming the principal chain or (2) by citing the names of the radicals R1 and R2 followed by the word ketone. In addition to the preceding nomenclature, acyclic monoacyl derivatives of cyclic compounds may be named (3) by prefixing the name of the acyl group to the name of the cyclic compound. For example,... 

Know how to name acyl groups and how to write a formula given a name that includes acyl group nomenclature. 

Official lUPAC names of these and other acyl groups have been designated by the Cormnission of the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry in Pure and Applied Chemistry 10, 111 -125 (1965). In a number of cases lUPAC inserted an o in the traditional name, e.g., pahnityl became pafmitoyl and crotonyl became crotonoyl. However, acetyl was not changed. In many cases the systematic names, e.g., hexadecanoyl (from hexadecanoic acid), are preferable and lUPAC-IUB recommends that alkyl radicals always be designated by systematic names, e.g., hexadecyl, not palmityl alcohol. The older use of pahnityl for both acyl and alkyl radicals was one reason for lUPAC s adoption of new names for acyl radicals. Systematic names are not often used because of their complexity, e.g., hnolenic acid is cis,cis,cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid. 

Amides are formed in a reaction between a carboxylic acid derivative and an amine (or ammonia). The amide bond is the bond between the carbonyl carbon of the acyl group and the nitrogen of the amine. In the I.U.RA.C. Nomenclature System they are named by replacing the -oic acid ending of the carboxylic acid with the -amide ending. In the common system of nomenclature the -ic acid ending of the carboxylic acid is replaced by the -amide ending. Hydrolysis of an amide produces a carboxylic acid and an amine (or ammonia). 

We recall that the RCO unit in a carboxylic acid and its derivatives is an acyl group. In the previous chapter, we briefly discussed the names of acyl derivatives. Now, we will describe their nomenclature in greater detail. 

NOMENCLATURE OF CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES The Acyl Group and Acid Derivatives... 

Substituent groups ( radicals ) derived from acids and certain derivatives thereof by removal of -OH from the functional group are generally called acyl groups and individually named by transforming the ending... ic acid to. ..yl or. ..oyl and. ..carboxylic acid to. ..carbonyl. The names thus formed can also be used in radicofunctional (functional class) nomenclature. 

---