Nomenclature activities

The total scope of Bob Tipson s many editorial and nomenclature activities with house publications, professional society reports, and committee service is too extensive to list in detail. In addition to his long involvement with the journal Carbohydrate Research, his editorship of Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry extended through Volume 48, published in 1990, and this completed a remarkable and profoundly influential 36 years of editorial activity with the series. 

In such a case there is a direct equality between the activation-energy difference and the standard heat of the reaction as well as between the logarithm of the ratio of the frequency factors and the standard entropy change. This gives a rationale for the nomenclature activation energy, which is used to designate the constant E in the rate equation. 

Besides the nomenclature work done by the general ACS nomenclature committee, sporadic early nomenclature work was done by committees of the ACS divisions. It was not until the need for more nomenclature activity, made evident in the chemical work done during World War II, was emphasized by Howard S. Nutting and Stewart S. Kurtz, Jr., that nomenclature work by committees of the divisions really began in earnest. Now there are numerous divisional nomenclature committees a list is presented in Table I. The work on pectic substances by a committee of the ACS Division of Agricultural and... 

Highlights in American chemical nomenclature activity have been (1) the adoption in 1915 of systematic naming, with inverted organic entries, for the indexing of chemical compounds by Chemical Abstracts, (2) the publication in 1940 of The Ring Index by Austin M. Patterson and Leonard T. Capell (this activity was sponsored jointly by the National Research Council and the American Chemical Society), and (3) the publication in 1945 by Chemical Abstracts of The Naming and Indexing of Chemical Compounds by Chemical Abstracts. The last two are very useful publications. 

A systematic nomenclature for nAChRs has yet to evolve. An N nomenclature describes receptors present ia muscle as N. These are activated by phenyltrimethylammonium (PTMA) (15) and blocked by t5 -tubocurariae (16) and a-bungarotoxiu (a-BgT) (17). N2 receptors are present ia ganglia and are activated by l,l-dimethyl-4-phenylpipera2inium (DMPP) (18) and blocked by trimethaphan (19) and bis-quatemary agents, with hexamethonium (20) being the most potent. 

The lUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (13) recommends that the term vitamin B 2 be used as the genetic descriptor for aU. cottiaoids exhibiting quaUtatively the biological activity of cyanocobalamin. However, because of its commercial importance, cyaaocobalamin is used iaterchangeably with vitamin B 2 heteia. 

Benzonaphthyridines, 2, 581-627 nomenclature, 2, 612 synthesis, 2, 612 Benzo-1,5-naphthyridines biological activity, 2, 625 Benzo[/i][ 1,5]naphthyridines photoelectron spectra, 2, 585 Benzo[/i][l, 6]naphthyridines photoelectron spectra, 2, 585 synthesis, 2, 613 Benzo[/][l, 7]naphthyridines photoelectron spectra, 2, 585 synthesis, 2, 613 Benzo-1,8-naphthyridines synthesis, 2, 608... 

Homofolic acid, 5,11-methenyl-tetrahydro-biological activity, 3, 327 Homofolic acid, tetrahydro-biological activity, 3, 327 Homoisoflavanones occurrence, 3, 722 thermoisomerization, 3, 722 thermolysis, 3, 728 Homolytic reactions heterocyclic compounds reviews, 1, 74 Homophthalic acid isocoumarins synthesis from, 3, 830 synthesis, 3, 830 Homophthalic anhydride isochroman-l-one synthesis from, 3, 860 20a-Homoporphyrin nomenclature, 1, 30 Homopterocarpin isolation, 4, 998 ( )- D- Homotestosterone synthesis, 1, 453 Homer-Emmons reaction chromene synthesis by, 3, 749 Hortiacine isolation, 3, 149 Hortiamine isolation, 3, 149... 

The discoveries of optical activity and enantiomeric structures (see the box, page 97) made it important to develop suitable nomenclature for chiral molecules. Two systems are in common use today the so-called d,l system and the (R,S) system. 

Dipentene is the racemic form of the optically active d-limonene and 1-limonene, terpenes which are found to a very large extent in essential oils. Since an equal mixture of d-iimonene and f-limonene is dipentene, it is obvious that whenever optically active limonene is found with a rotation below the maximum, it must contain dipentene. Mixtures of equal quantities of a compound of the optically active limonenes are identical with the corresponding compound prepared from dipentene. It is therefore obvious that the nomenclature is unfortunate and dipentene should be termed i-limonene. 

These will be represented by (Res.A )B , where Res. is the basic polymer of the resin, A is the anion attached to the polymeric framework, B+ is the active or mobile cation thus a sulphonated polystyrene resin in the hydrogen form would be written as (Res.SO J)H. A similar nomenclature will be employed for anion exchange resins, e.g. (Res. NMeJ )CI . 

Protein phosphatases are classified according to their activity toward phospho-amino acids they act on (Fig. 1). Nomenclature is independent of regulation simply because stimuli were unknown. Protein phosphatases hydrolyzing O-phospho-monoesters are currently subdivided into two major classes (i) phosphatases acting on phosphoserine (pSer) and phosphothreonine (pThr), and (ii) the second class... 

Cationic dyes, nomenclature of, 25 Cellular exchanges, thiazolium salts as activators in, 80... 

The literature in this field is confusing because of a somewhat haphazard method of nomenclature that has arisen historically. This is compounded by some mistakes in structure determination, reported in early papers, and which are occasionally quoted. The first part of this chapter deals with nomenclature and with a brief overview of early work. Subsequent sections deal with the formation and metabolism of di-D-fructose dianhydrides by micro-organisms, and the formation of dihexulose dianhydrides by protonic and thermal activation. In relation to the latter topic, recent conclusions regarding the nature of sucrose caramels are covered. Other sections deal with the effects of di-D-fructose dianhydrides upon the industrial production of sucrose and fructose, and the possible ways in which these compounds might be exploited. An overview of the topic of conformational energies and implications for product distributions is also presented. 

Diheterolevulosans, 209-211, 240 Dihexulose dianhydrides, 207 -266, see also Caramels Di-D-fructose dianhydrides 13C NMR spectra, 245-246 conformation, electronic control, 224-228 conformational rigidity, energetic outcomes, 228 hexulopyranose rings, 226 historical overview, 210-213 H NMR spectra, 248 -249 intramolecular hydrogen-bonds, 227 isomerization, 231 -232 1,2-linked, ero-anomeric effect, 224-225 listing, 240-241 nomenclature, 208-210 optical rotations and melting points, 242-243 protonic activation... 

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