Nollet, Abbe

Fig. 19.12. Abbe Jean-Antoine Nollet s experiments with the electrostatic spraying of liquids.

As we saw in chapter 2, allusions to Newton by chemists in the eighteenth century and early nineteenth century can be understood as a means of legitimation for apron-coated chemists among the black-gowned philosophers of the university. It was no small achievement for chemists to establish a university identity in the philosophical faculties outside the professional schools of pharmacy and medicine. The chemist s laboratory was, after all, a far more appalling intrusion into academic halls than Robert Boyle s air pump or the Abbe Nollet s batteries of Leyden jars. 

Nollet, M. l Abbe, Lemons de Physique Expenmcntale, vol. 4, Fibres... 

The Abbe Jean-Antoine Nollet, in his Legons de physique experi-mentale, mentioned the cold fight of the Bologna stone and the sulphurous odor which the flame imparted to it. The odor that the Bologna stone acquires on passing through the flame, said he, gives sufficient evidence that these natural sulphurs have been liberated from the terres-... 

Antoine Baum6 stated that die purest alum came from Civita Vecchia near Rome and that a good grade of it was also made at Solfatara. He based his account on die Abbe J.-A. Nollet s description, read before the Academie des Sciences in 1750, of his visit to the Solfatara alum works and on the Abbe Mazeas s memoir on the alumte mines of Tolfa, Italy, and Polinier, Brittany, which was pubhshed in volume five of the Savants etrangers (148). 

Abbe de Nollet, On the Grotto del Cane, translated from the French, Phil. Trans. 47 (1751-1752) 48-61. 

Rouelle s popular lectures at the Jardin set the stage for chemistry as a public science in Enlightenment Paris, much as Abbe Nollet s lectures at the College did for experimental physics. While public lectures in chemistry had a long history by this time, Rouelle faced a rather delicate task of teaching a mixed audience. On the one hand, he had to maintain the traditional mission of the Jardin to educate prospective apothecaries and physicians in basic chemical operations." He relied heavily on the established repertoire of chemical operations in the French didactic tradition, especially Nicolas Lemery s. On the other hand, he had to appeal to the Enlightenment public s taste for universal knowledge. To this end, he introduced a simplified version of Stahl s and Boerhaave s... 

I had taken a good course of philosophy, I had followed the experiments of Abbe Nollet, I had studied with some success elementary mathematics in the works of... 

The first report of osmotic phenomena by French Cleric Abbe Nollet [1] in 1748 might be considered the origin of membrane science. Nollet s work generated extensive interest in osmosis culminating ultimately in van t Hoffs [2] quantitative relationships in 1887. 

Osmotic phenomena were first clearly described by the Abbe Nollet in 1748, who tied a piece of bladder over the mouth of a glass cylinder contain-... 

In the seventeenth century, a learned French priest, L Abbe Nollet, amazed and amused the French intelligentsia of the salons with his experiments. One of the most popular experiments was to place a few spoons of sugar in a dried pig bladder that was then plunged into a bucket of water. To the surprise of the audience, the bladder swelled more and more until it finally burst [1,2]. 

Osmosis, or the net transfer of solvent from a dilute to a more concentrated solution across a suitable membrane, had been known since 1748 when the Abbe Jean Antoine Nollet (1700-1770) noticed that a pig s bladder covering a container of alcoholic solution was ruptured when immersed in water. The phenomenon of osmosis could only be studied properly when sufficiently strong membranes could be produced to withstand the pressure generated. It was Moritz Traube (1826-1894) who discovered in 1867 that a strong membrane could be prepared by precipitating copper ferrocyanide in the walls of a porous pot. He was able to show that for a given solution osmosis occurred until a certain pressure was reached, which is called the osmotic pressure of the solution. In 1877 the German botanist... 

The osmotic behaviour of molecules was first reported by Abbe Nollet in 1748. From then on, the search began for an ideal semipermeable membrane. M. Traube in 1867 suggested membrane of a gelationous precipitate of copper ferrocyanide, Cu, Fe(CN)g for low molecular weight solutes in water. For high molecular weight solutes in organic solvents, membranes made of cellulose, cellulose nitrate or animal membrane have been found suitable. 

Work related to the phenomenon of osmosis dates back to the researches of the Abbe Nollet in 1748. Pfeffer was, however, the... 

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