Noise standards

Figure 43-6 Family of curves of multiplication factor as a function of Er, for different values of the parameter sigma (the noise standard deviation), for Normally distributed error. Values of sigma range from 0.1 to 1.0 for the ten curves shown, (see Color Plate 5)...

The expression under the radical gives the multiplying factor for the noise standard deviation for the computed derivative (or smoothed spectrum, but that is not our topic here, we will address only the question of the effect on derivatives), and can be computed solely from the convolution coefficients themselves, independently of the effect of the convolution on the signal part of the S/N ratio. 

Fig. 6.9. A Spontaneous Raman spectrum of d62-DPPC lipids and its decomposition into Lorentzian line profiles. B Normalized multiplex CARS spectra (dots) of a planar-supported bilayer and monolayer formed by d62-DPPC on a glass-water interface for parallel-polarized input beams, together with the fit using the center frequency and line width parameters extracted from the decomposition analysis in (A) (solid line). The spectrum exposure time was 0.64 s. Error bars indicate the shot-noise standard deviation (Copyright American Chemical Society [70])...

For qualitative spectrum interpretation, the conventional method for routine identification of chemical species is a library-search, based on spectral mapping algorithms. Before library-searching spectral preprocessing, i.e., elimination of baseline effects and noise, standardization, etc., is performed on the sample spectrum. Comparison of such a processed spectrum with a... 

Nine simulations at five different peak capacities were generated for each of two sets with Gaussian noise. The noise standard deviation was approximately one-third of the minimum component amplitude, A , in one series and one-half of the minimum component amplitude in the other. These simulation sets will be respectively described as Sets C and D. The component number m in each of these sets is also 160. 

Brief, R. S., and Confer, R. G. "Interpreting Noise Dosimeter Results Based on Different Noise Standards." American Industrial Hygiene Journal 36, no. 9 (1975) G77S2. 

According to statistics, there are all kinds of noises in the underground coal mines and the noise levels are far more than workplace noise standards in the national express provision (Niu 2006). We just analyze the influence of noise on people s unsafe behavior from the angle of the mechanism of unsafe behavior occurrence ... 

Under the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Act, an employer who does not control noise so as to minimize fatigue and reduce the probability of accidents can be charged with a violation of the standard. Both employers and employees are obligated to observe existing noise standards. An employee who does not comply with previously described procedures for his or her welfare and suffers a loss of hearing can be charged with misconduct. 

The most effective time to apply engineering controls is before a noise source ever comes into the workplace. Establish noise standards and work closely with suppliers at the time machinery is specified and ordered. Ford s... 

TTie OSHA Noise Standard must be made available to all affected employees and a copy of it must be posted in the workplace. 

Prior to the bilinear modeling the different X variables may be scaled to similar noise standard deviations, in order to stop high noise variability in some variables from hiding low, but informative variability in others. 

Fleischer, 2008. G. Effective protection of the sense of hearing is prevented by IS01999 noise standard. 7th European Conference on Noise Control 2008, EURONOISE 2008, Paris. 3697-3702. 

In 1968, the Department of Labor s Bureau of Labor Standards proposed a regulation Umiting exposures to steady noise at an 85 dBA level (Lipscomb 1988). It was based upon a threshold Umit value (TLV) proposed by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Eventually, this regulation became known as the Walsh-Healy Noise Standard of 1969 and became known as the backbone for many modern noise standards. 

Is protection against the effects of occupational noise exposure provided when sound levels exceed those of the OSHA noise standard ... 

In the latest fiscal year ending September 30, 2010, federal OSHA issued hundreds of thousands of dollars in enforcement penalties for violations of its occupational noise standard in each of these targeted industries fabricated metals, primary metals, food processing, and lumber and wood products. 

Stabile TA, Peirone A, Gallipoli MR, Ditommaso R, Ponzo FC (2013) Dynamic survey of the Musmeci bridge by joint application of ground-based micro-wave radar interferometry and ambient noise standard spectral ratio techniques. IEEE GRSL 10(4) 870-874. doi 10.1109/LGRS.2012.2226428... 

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