Nobel Prizewinners

Raman spectrometry is another variant which has become important. To quote one expert (Purcell 1993), In 1928, the Indian physicist C.V. Raman (later the first Indian Nobel prizewinner) reported the discovery of frequency-shifted lines in the scattered light of transparent substances. The shifted lines, Raman announced, were independent of the exciting radiation and characteristic of the sample itself. It appears that Raman was motivated by a passion to understand the deep blue colour of the Mediterranean. The many uses of this technique include examination of polymers and of silicon for microcircuits (using an exciting wavelength to which silicon is transparent). 

Heinrich Hoerlein Nobel Prizewinner in field of medicine. 

Recently, the French Nobel prizewinner Jean-Marie Lehn proposed the use of CTI as a source of molecular diversity in dynamic combinatorial chemistry. The prospect of using a dynamic fully reversible process such as CTI for the evolutionary selection of ligands is extremely attractive and should lead to fundamental advances in this field of research. 

In addition to Linus Pauling s statements, James Watson, another Nobel Prizewinner and codiscoverer of the DNA double helix, and who served on the National Cancer Advisory Board, once described the National Cancer Program as a bunch of crap, or worse (Walters, 1993, p. 4). This incompetence is in spite of the fact that the incidences of most common cancers — those of the lung, colon, breast, prostate, pancreas, and ovary — are either staying at the same level or increasing. Conventional treatments may ultimately fail because even a thumb-sized tumor has about 1 billion cancer cells, and if treatment kills or removes, say, 99.9% of the cells, a million cells remain. 

It would be convenient if the kinetic reaction profile in Figure 5.2 could be used directly, without the need for any further processing of the data, to obtain information about the experimental rate equation for the decomposition of N2O5. In fact, a preliminary check can be carried out using a method based on the idea of reaction half-life, which is denoted by fi/2. This approach was suggested many years ago by Wilhelm Ostwald who was Professor of Chemistry at Leipzig (1887-1906) and a Nobel prizewinner (1909). 

This method has been used for many years since it was first suggested in 1884 by the Dutch chemist and first Nobel prizewinner in chemistry (1901) Jacobus Henricus van t Hoff who made substantial contributions in both physical chemistry and stereochemistry. The method is sometimes named after him. Alternatively, as here, it is described by the term differential which reflects the fact that, in the language of calculus, rate equations are dijferential equations. However, this is not to imply that the method involves calculus but simply to indicate that it seeks directly to determine the form of experimental rate equations without changing them into another form (as we shall do later in Section 5.3.3). 

When Stoll refused to pursue the issue, a new player now entered onto the scene. Carl Duisberg s son Walter, a former executive with I.G. Farben s U.S. subsidiary and a patent lawyer for the American chemical industry, wrote to Stoll in an attempt to change the editor s mind." He reminded Stoll how close he himself had been to Willstatter, who had been his dissertation advisor in Munich. The Nobel Prizewinner had even attended the younger Duisberg s wedding." Stoll, however, would not be swayed by... 

The first Nobel Prizewinners were honored in 1901 and the prizes in chemistry and physics in the first four years are listed in Table 17.11. Lord Rayleigh was rewarded for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of aip on in connection with these studies . Ramsay got the prize in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air and his determination of their place in the periodic system". 

A list of Nobel prizewinners for the years between 1911 and 1934 is given in Table 2. It sheds light (Mito the international scene and what were considered the most important contributions to progress in chemistry. Synthetic organic chemistry and natural products chemistiy were considered to be at the forefi ont, followed by... 

Year Nobel prizewinner Year Nobel prizewinner... 

Yves Chauvin, Nobel prizewinner (2005), Honorary Scientific Director of the French Petrol Institute,... 

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