Nitrogen starvation

Saccharomyces yeasts are rapid fermentors. S. cerevisiae and S. bayanus produce up to 18—20% ethanol. The cells are ovoid to spherical, eUiptical, or elongated (especially under conditions of nitrogen starvation). Vegetative propagation is by multilateral budding. S. uvarum and S. rosei occur earher in the fermentation, when S. rosei may produce up to 6—8% ethanol before being overgrown by the other Saccharomyces yeasts. S. cerevisiae may produce up to 18-20% ethanol (28). 

Transcriptionnal activity of pel genes responds differentially to catabolic repression, growth phase, temperature and nitrogen starvation. Iron limitation proved to be involved in the induction of severd of the pectinase encoding genes [7]. 

Feedback inhibition of amino acid transporters by amino acids synthesized by the cells might be responsible for the well known fact that blocking protein synthesis by cycloheximide in Saccharomyces cerevisiae inhibits the uptake of most amino acids [56]. Indeed, under these conditions, endogenous amino acids continue to accumulate. This situation, which precludes studying amino acid transport in yeast in the presence of inhibitors of protein synthesis, is very different from that observed in bacteria, where amino acid uptake is commonly measured in the presence of chloramphenicol in order to isolate the uptake process from further metabolism of accumulated substances. In yeast, when nitrogen starvation rather than cycloheximide is used to block protein synthesis, this leads to very high uptake activity. This fact supports the feedback inhibition interpretation of the observed cycloheximide effect. 

Carbon and Nitrogen Starvation. Carbon and nitrogen starvation affect LiP and MnP production in different manna s. As is shown in Fig. 2, carbon starvation leads... 

Action through delignification that commences at the onset of the secondary metabolic (nitrogen starvation) phase in most fungi. 

The level of cyclic AMP (cAMP) is increased by nitrogen starvation this triggers expression of ligninolytic activity and veratryl alcohol biosynthesis (40). 

Hanks, J. N., Hearnes, J. M., Gathman, A. C. Lilly, W. W. (2003). Nitrogen starvation-induced changes in amino acid and free ammonium pools in Schizophyllum commune colonies. Current Microbiology, 47, 444-449. 

Keyser, P., Kirk, T. K. Zeykus, I. G. (1978). Ligninolytic system of Phanerochaete chrysosporium synthesized in the absence of lignin in response to nitrogen starvation. Journal of Bacteriology, 135, 790-7. 

Mehdi, K., Penninckx, M. J. (1997) An important role for glutathione and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in the supply of growth requirements during nitrogen starvation of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiology-UK, 143, 1885-1889. 

CoUos, Y. (1984). Transient situations in nitrate assimilation by marine diatoms. V. Interspecific variabUity in biomass and uptake during nitrogen starvation and resupply. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 17, 25—31. 

Garcia-Perris, C., and Moreno, J. (1994). Oxidative modification and brealidown of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase induced in Euglena gracilis by nitrogen starvation. Planta. 193, 208-215. 

Young, E. B., and BeardaU, J. (2003). Photosynthetic function in Dunaliella tertiolecta (Chlorophyta) during a nitrogen starvation and recovery cycle. J. Phycol. 39, 897—905. 

Standard promoter Z Heat-shock promoter 3 Nitrogen-starvation promoter... 

Figure 28.6. Alteruative Promoter Sequeuces. A comparison of the consensus sequences of standard promoters, heat-shock promoters, and nitrogen-starvation promoters of E. coli. These promoters are recognized hy a a 32 and a respectively.

Figure 3. Effect of nitrogen starvation on the growth rate and stainability with Nile Red (A), and on the cellular total lipid and the cellular nitrogen content (B) of...

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