Nitrogen group properties

Bismuth is the fifth element in the nitrogen group, and its properties are the most metal-like of the five. Elemental bismuth is a heavy, brittle, hard metal that can be polished to a bright gray-white coat with a pinkish hue. It is not found in this state very often because it is more likely to be combined with other metals and minerals, such as tin, lead, iron and cadmium. These are mixtures with low melting points, making them useful in fire-detection devices. 

Benzothiophene QH4 (CH)jS is a solid, mp 31°C, bp 221°C, with physical and chemical properties that resemble naphthalene. By comparison, where the sulfur atom of benzothiophene is occupied by oxygen, the resulting compound is benzofurane (coumarone). Where the sulfur atom of benzothiophene is occupied by a nitrogen group (NH), indole is the resulting compound. 

An alternative to using commercially available carbon for electrocatalyst carbon substrates is to build a specific carbon structure having controlled properties. Thus, carbons have been prepared by the controlled pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and contain surface nitrogen groups that act as peroxide decomposing agents.62... 

These products show lipophilic properties (fatty amines) due to aUcyl chains. However, the hydrophilic characteristic of the nitrogen group is sufficient to allow them some water-based solubility. In practice, these products are amphiphilic and mainly used as surfactants. So they can be, quite easily, swept away from the skin by water or water-based washing solutions. 

---