Nitrogen-containing heterocydes functionalization

Whereas the catalytic hydrosilylation of alkynes was one of the first methods of controlled reduction and functionalization of alkynes, the ruthenium-catalyzed hydroamination of alkynes has emerged only recently, but represents a potential for the selective access to amines and nitrogen-containing heterocydes. It is also noteworthy that, in parallel, the ruthenium activation of inert C-H bonds allowing alkyne insertion and C-C bond formation also represents innovative aspects that warrant future development. Among catalytic additions to alkynes for the production of useful products, the next decade will clearly witness an increasing role for ruthenium-vinylidenes in activation processes, and also for the development of ruthenium-catalyzed hydroamination and C-H bond activation. 

Abstract The chemistry of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes have highly contributed to the progress in the fundamental and applies science of these nanomaterials over the last 15 years. This review focuses on the non-covalent chemistry of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes with nitrogen and/or oxygen containing heterocydic molecules such as porphyrin, DNA, protein, peptide and carbohydrate. Not only exohedral but also endohedral functionalization is reviewed, because the above guest molecules can interact with both faces of the carbon nanotubes. New terminology is also proposed in the structural and stereochemistry of carbon nanotubes. 

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