Nitrofurazone toxicity

The LD,o of nitrofurazone in mice ranges from 374 to 1,400 mg/kg, when the crystals range in size 375 mesh and 60 mesh. Panazone, furazolidone, and di-(hydroxymethyl) panfuran are less toxic when compared with nitrofurazone and nitrofurantoin. 

C. Nifurtimox This drug is a nitrofurazone derivative that inhibits the parasite-unique enzyme trypanothione reductase. Nifurtimox is the drug of choice in American trypanosomiasis and has also been effective in mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. The drug causes severe toxicity, including allergies, gastrointestinal irritation, and CNS effects. 

Nitrofurans are banned substances within the EU and in some other countries because of their mutagenic and geno-toxic characteristics. Nitrofuran metabolites are still found, primarily in aquaculture products originating from Southeast Asia, with SEM (the metabolite of nitrofurazone) having the highest incidence. Methods for detecting residues of nitrofurans aim for protein-bound metabolites that may persist in tissues for considerable periods after treatment. Methods are reported for the detection and identification of nitrofuran metabolites in many different food products. The main difficulty in nitrofuran metabolite analysis is the low selectivity of SEM as a marker metabolite of nitrofurazone. Several other possible sources of SEM have been identified and investigated, the most important of which is the use of... 

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