Nitro and nitroso derivatives

Nitro and nitroso compounds are among the most difficult to reduce using alumino-and borohydrides. 

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On nitration it forms expl nitro and nitroso derivatives (see below)... 

M., Synthetic Procedures Yielding Targeted Nitro and Nitroso Derivatives of the Propellant Stabilisers Dipheny-lamine, N-Methyl-4-nitroaniline, and... 

Earlier progress in these studies has been summarized in reviews published in the last decade, emphasizing carbocations and oxidation dications, RCs, as well as reactive intermediates from the nitro- and nitroso-derivatives. The review article published in 1996 emphasized groundwork studies on protonation as well as oxidation (both RCs and stable dications) of polycyclic arenes and explored possible relationships between charge distribution and carcinogenicity, in concert with its... 

Nitro- and Nitroso- derivs — not found in Beil or CA through 1956... 

Azido, nitramino, nitro and nitroso derivatives are listed under what may be considered as the parent compound. Thus all the mono-, di-, and trinitrotoluenes will be discussed under toluene. For example, nitraminoterrazoles are discussed under aminotetrazole. With this system the various azido, nitro, etc derivatives included above are kept together and are not scattered throughout the Encyclopedia. Since these derivatives of a given parent compound are usually of some related interest from the point of view of properties, preparation and references, we believe tbat this arrangement is the most convenient... 

Transformation products of Centr 1 isolated at PicArsn(Refs 10 11) from stored double-base proplnts included nitro- and nitroso- derivs of Centr and products formed on its cleavage by acids. These included N-ethylaniline which, being very reactive, combined immediately with nitrous acid to form N -nitroso-N-ethylaniline which was present in large amt. This product was removed together with 2-nitro-N-ethylaniline from degradation products by steam distn. Some derivs of Centr 1 isolated from aged proplnts possessed stabilizing props... 

Many nitro and nitroso. derivatives are also known ... 

Similarly, nitro and nitroso derivatives of urea and guanidine have been reduced to semicarbazides and aminoguanidines in acid solution [204,217-219]. In aprotic media (DMF) the primarily formed anion radical of A-nitrosourea gives rise to a self-protonation step the deprotonated substrate cleaves easily into several products [220]. 

The nitro and nitroso derivatives of a few aromatic hydroxy compounds are used as yellow-green dyes. The nitro compounds are prepared by direct action of nitric acid in presence of sulfuric acid, or by first sulfonating and then nitrating the sulfonic acid. In the preparation of naphthol yellow, a-naphthol is first sulfo-nated to the 2,4,7-trisulfonic acid, which on nitration undergoes replacement of the sulfonic acid groups at positions 2 and 4 by nitro groups. 

These compounds will substantially increase the shelf life of propellant through binding decomposition products like free acid and nitrogen oxides, which are formed during the slow decomposition of the cellulose nitrate. The stabilizer is transformed into relatively stable nitro and nitroso derivatives. 

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