Nitration nitrile

This detector is quite sensitive (2 x 10 g/sec) to alkyl halides, metal organics, conjugated carbonyls, nitriles, nitrates, and sulfur-containing compounds. 

The electron capture detector is extremely sensitive to certain molecules, such as alkyl halides, conjugated carbonyls, nitriles, nitrates and organometals. It is virtually insensitive to hydrocarbons, alcohols and ketones. In other words, the detector selectively responds to molecules containing electronegative atoms, since these atoms easily attach or attract an electron and thus produce an electrical signal. Quantities of halides at picogram (pg 10 12 gm) levels can be detected by the electron capture detector. 

The substrate scope of the DKR protocol above was extended to include a wide range of primary amines [89]. Functional groups tolerated include fluorine, bromine, nitrile, nitrate, and trifluoromethyl. Aliphatic amines and more sterically hindered substrates were also obtained in high yields and ee values. The method was found applicable with both isopropenyl acetate and dibenzyl carbonate as acyl donors. For 18 different substrates, the corresponding enantiomericafly pure products were obtained in high to excellent yields (70-95%) and with high to excellent ee values (93 to >99%). The chemoenzymatic DKR protocol was also applied to the synthesis of norsertraline, from readily available 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-l-naphthyl-amine. Norsertraline is cmrently in clinical trials for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. 

Analytical Procedures. Standard methods for analysis of food-grade adipic acid are described ia the Food Chemicals Codex (see Refs, ia Table 8). Classical methods are used for assay (titration), trace metals (As, heavy metals as Pb), and total ash. Water is determined by Kad-Fisher titration of a methanol solution of the acid. Determination of color ia methanol solution (APHA, Hazen equivalent, max. 10), as well as iron and other metals, are also described elsewhere (175). Other analyses frequendy are required for resia-grade acid. For example, hydrolyzable nitrogen (NH, amides, nitriles, etc) is determined by distillation of ammonia from an alkaline solution. Reducible nitrogen (nitrates and nitroorganics) may then be determined by adding DeVarda s alloy and continuing the distillation. Hydrocarbon oil contaminants may be determined by ir analysis of halocarbon extracts of alkaline solutions of the acid. 

The hydroxyl groups on glycols undergo the usual alcohol chemistry giving a wide variety of possible derivatives. Hydroxyls can be converted to aldehydes, alkyl hahdes, amides, amines, a2ides, carboxyUc acids, ethers, mercaptans, nitrate esters, nitriles, nitrite esters, organic esters, peroxides, phosphate esters, and sulfate esters (6,7). 

Ester, aldehyde, carbonate, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, nitrile, intramolecular bonding, e.g., o-nitrophenol - 0 -1- - -1- -1- 0 -1- -1- 0 -1- -1-... 

Comparison of Table 5.4 and 5.7 allows the prediction that aromatic oils will be plasticisers for natural rubber, that dibutyl phthalate will plasticise poly(methyl methacrylate), that tritolyl phosphate will plasticise nitrile rubbers, that dibenzyl ether will plasticise poly(vinylidene chloride) and that dimethyl phthalate will plasticise cellulose diacetate. These predictions are found to be correct. What is not predictable is that camphor should be an effective plasticiser for cellulose nitrate. It would seem that this crystalline material, which has to be dispersed into the polymer with the aid of liquids such as ethyl alcohol, is only compatible with the polymer because of some specific interaction between the carbonyl group present in the camphor with some group in the cellulose nitrate. 

This method is an adaptation of that of Dengel. -Methoxy-phenylacetonitrile can also be prepared by the metathetical reaction of anisyl chloride with alkali cyanides in a variety of aqueous solvent mixtures by the nitration of phenylaceto-nitrile, followed by reduction, diazotization, hydrolysis, and methylation 1 by the reduction of ct-benzoxy- -methoxy-phenylacetonitrile (prepared from anisaldehyde, sodium cyanide, and benzoyl chloride) and by the reaction of acetic anhydride with the oxime of -methoxyphenylpyruvic acid. ... 

Alkenes of the form RCH=CHR and RR C=CH2 add to nitriles in the presence of mercuric nitrate to give, after treatment with NaBHj, the same amides that would be obtained by the Ritter reaction. This method has the advantage of avoiding strong acids. 

The photochemical cyclisation of p.y-unsaturated ketoximes to 2-isoxazolines, e.g., 16—>17, has been reported <95RTC514>. 2-Isoxazolines are obtained from alkenes and primary nitroalkanes in the presence of ammonium cerium nitrate and formic acid <95MI399>. Treatment of certain 1,3-diketones with a nitrating mixture generates acyl nitrile oxides, which can be trapped in situ as dipolar cycloadducts (see Scheme 3) <96SC3401>. 

Acrylonitrile came into contact with silver nitrate and was kept in this way for a long time. It gave rise to a violent detonation thert was put down to nitrile polymerisation, which formed successive layers of pilymer at the surface of the salt particles the temperature rise that was caused accelerated the polymerisation gradually. 

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