Nitridation of Thorium

Nitridation of Thorium or Thorium Hydride. The reactions of Th or ThH4 with N2 as described in Section 4.1.3.1, p. 11, are most commonly used for preparation whereby Th3N4 is obtained as an intermediate. 

Ternary Nitrides of Thorium with Other Metals... 

Ternary Nitrides of Thorium with Main Group Metals (Li, K, Be, Mg, Sb, Bi)... 

Ternary Nitrides of Thorium with Group in Transition Metals (Rare Earths, Actinides) The Th-Y-N System... 

Ternary Nitrides of Thorium with Groups VI, vn, and Group VID Transition Metals... 

Nuclear Applications. Use of the nitrides of uranium-235 and thorium as fuels and breeders in high temperature reactors has been proposed (see Nuclearreactors). However, the compounds most frequently used for this purpose are the oxides and carbides. Nitrides could be useful in high... 

Molten-Tin Process for Reactor Fuels (16). Liquid tin is being evaluated as a reaction medium for the processing of thorium- and uranium-based oxide, carbide, and metal fuels. The process is based on the carbothermic reduction of UO2 > nitriding of uranium and fission product elements, and a mechanical separation of the actinide nitrides from the molten tin. Volatile fission products can be removed during the head-end steps and by distilling off a small portion of the tin. The heavier actinide nitrides are expected to sink to the bottom of the tin bath. Lighter fission product nitrides should float to the top. Other fission products may remain in solution or form compounds with... 

Thorium and uranium are used in cotmnercial catalytic systems. Industrially, thorium is used in the catalytic production of hydrocarbons for motor fuel. The direct conversion of synthetic gas to liquid fuel is accomplished by a Ni-Th02/Al203 catalyst that oxidatively cracks hydrocarbons with steam. The primary benefit to the incorporation of thorium is the increased resistance to coke deactivation. Industrially, UsOs also has been shown to be active in the decomposition of organics, including benzene and butanes and as supports for methane steam reforming catalysts. Uranium nitrides have also been used as a catalyst for the cracking of NH3 at 550 °C, which results in high yields of H2. 

Sato, S.-L, Specific heats of thorium nitride, lithium nitride and zinc nitride, Sci. Pap. Inst. Phys. Chem. Res. (Jpn.), 35, (1939), 182-190. Citedonpages 312,412,413. 

Auskem, A. B., Aronson, S., Electrical properties of thorium nitrides, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 28, (1967), 1069-1071. Cited on page 309. 

Gingerich, K. A., Gaseous metal nitrides. III. On the dissociation energy of thorium mononitride and predicted dissociation energies of diatomic group III-VI transition-metal nitrides, J. Chem. Phys., 49, (1968), 19-24. Cited on pages 311, 322, 506. 

BOW/ARN] Bowman, A. L., Arnold, G. P., Crystal stracture of thorium nitride [ThsNJ, Acta Crystallogr., B27, (1971), 242-243. Cited on page 312. 

Kusakabe, T., Imoto, S., Thermal decomposition of thorium nitride and dithorium dinitrogen oxide, Technology Reports of Osaka University, Report 22, (1972). Cited on pages 310,313,535. 

Thorium.— All but one of the thorium compounds reviewed are complex fluorides and, not unexpectedly, contain Th. The exception is thorium nitride, which has been studied by neutron diffraction of the powder. The structure comprises an hhc close-packed arrangement of thorium atoms, with nitrogen atoms in some tetrahedral sites between h and h layers and some octahedral sites between h and c layers. Th-N distances are 2.31— 2.47 A for nitrogen atoms in tetrahedral sites and 2.53— 2.91 A for nitrogen atoms in octahedral sites. 

Fast reactor fuel of thorium, uranium, or uranium/transuranic (TRU) oxide and nitride or of uranium/TRU/Zr metal alloy all in stainless steel claddings ... 

Previous reviews of thorium nitrides are the early work in the Gmelin Handbook [13], the physical properties as tabulated by Peterson, Curtis [14], the tabulation and contributions to the thermochemical data by Rand [15], their brief mention in an engineering data tabulation of nitrides [16], and a chapter on thorium nitrides in High-Temperature Nuclear Fuel [17]. 

In the AnX compounds, the B1 B2 transition is accompanied by a volume decrease of the order of 10%. Antimony and bismuth as anions favor tetragonal high-pressure structures. Monocarbides, -nitrides, -phosphides, and -sulfides of thorium and uranium either did not transform in the pressure range studied (ThC, ThN) or transformed to structures of relatively low symmetry (UC, UN, UP, US, ThS), which could possibly point to an f contribution in bonding. In this group of Th and U compounds with light anions, only ThP shows the Bl B2 structural transition. 

Bilinear chemometrics methods, 6 39-57 Billet products, titanium, 24 858 Bill of Material, 15 460, 470 Bills of lading, 25 330 Bimetal complexes, 16 88 Bimetallic deactivation processes, 16 93-94 Bimetallic fluorides, 15 396 Bimetallic metal nitrides, 17 199 Bimetallic organometallic uranium complexes, 25 442 Bimetallic organometallic thorium complexes, 24 773-774... 

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