Nitric oxide carriers

Lo BM, Nuccetelli M et al (2001) Human glutathione transferase Pl-1 and nitric oxide carriers a new role for an old enzyme. J Biol Chem 276 42138-42145... 

Nitrosylated albumin was detected in activated macrophage supernatants using an anti-NO-acetyl-ated cysteine antibody (Gobert et al. 1999). It was estimated that 10 % of N2O3 produced by activated cells participate in extracellular nitrosylation. N2O3 thus appears to be a new effector molecule of the immune system, as an agent for the nitrosylation of albumin, the main nitric oxide carrier in vivo. 

Tellez-Sanz, R Cesareo, E. Nuccetelli, M. Aguilera, A.M Baron, C. Parker, L.J. Adams, J.J. Morton, C.J. Lo Bello, M. Parker, M.W. Garcia-Fuentes, L. (2006) Galorimetric and structural studies of the nitric oxide carrier S-nitrosoglutathione bound to human glutathione transferase Pl-1. Protein Sci. 15,1093-105. 

O. Siri, A. Tabard, P. PuUumbi and R. Guilard. Iron complexes acting as nitric oxide carriers. Inorg. Chim. Acta 350, 2003, 633—640. 

Recently, it has been reported that a novel calcination procedure relying on nitric oxide gas in lieu of air also results in smaller cobalt crystallites over silica supports.15 17 The idea is to use a less oxidative gas to prevent rapid decomposition of the nitrate precursor during thermal nitrate decomposition, which has been observed when 02 is present.17 As a result, the mobility of the precursor on the oxide carrier surface is hindered, resulting in a smaller average Co oxide cluster... 

In this metho d [ 124 ] nitrate, nitrate plus nitrite or nitrite alone are selectively reduced to nitric oxide, which is swept from the sample in a helium carrier gas flow. Nitric oxide is allowed to react with ozone in a nitrogen oxide analyser, where it forms nitrogen dioxide. The return of the nitrogen dioxide to the ground state is accompanied by release of a photon, which is detected by a photomultiplier. The integrated output of the photomultiplier over the time that the nitric oxide is pinged from the sample is proportional to the nitrite content of the sample. 

K. I. Hosoya, Y. Horibe, K. J. Kim, and V. H. Lee. Carrier-mediated transport of NG-nitro-L-arginine, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, in the pigmented rabbit conjunctiva. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 285 223-227 (1998)... 

Nitric oxide is analyzed with GC using a TCD or by mass spectrometer using helium as a diluent and carrier gas. The characteristic mass for NO ion is 30. Also, it can he identified hy the hrown ring test in cold FeS04 solution (see Reactions). In contact with air it oxidizes to NO2, which is then identified from color, odor, and chemical properties. 

Nitrous oxide can be analyzed by GC on a molecular sieve column using a thermal conductivity detector and helium as carrier gas. It may be identified by GC/MS from its mass spectra. The molecular ion is 44. Also, it can be oxidized to NO and identified by the brown-ring test, using FeS04 solution, (see Nitric Oxide.)... 

Irradiation of a mixture of neon and nitric oxide gives no-carrier-added nitrosyl [ F]fluoride (ON[ F]F) [45,67], Hydrolysis yields [ F]fluoride that was proposed for bone scanning. ON[ F]F was designed with steroid labelling in mind in which addition to a double bond should lead to an a-[ F]fluoroketone entity, but this idea was not further pursued. 

Ruggiero, C. E., Carrier, S. M., Antholine, W. E., Whittaker, J. W., Cramer, C. J., and Tolman, W. B. (1993). Synthesis and structure and spectroscopic characterization of mononuclear copper nitrosyl complexes Models for nitric oxide adducts of copper proteins and copper exchange zeolites. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 11285-11298. 

The reaction is exothermic (see Exercise 12.1), but, since it is very slow, a catalyst is necessary. Nitric oxide, once again, can serve as an oxygen carrier, as in the lead chamber process (Section 10.2) and in reaction 10.8, where (CH3)2S generated in the kraft process is converted to DMSO. Even so, at the elevated temperatures required, reaction 12.1 needs to be forced to completion by absorption of the steam in concentrated sulfuric acid or some other desiccant. In variants of the Deacon process, copper chloride acts as the catalyst or as an intermediate for chlorine regeneration. 

The irradiated coal sample is placed in a ceramic combustion boat with added mercuric oxide carrier and burned in a slow stream of oxygen in a simple apparatus consisting of a straight quartz combustion tube connected to a straight condenser surrounded by a trap of liquid nitrogen. The ash and the tube are then heated to about 800°C to drive all volatile material into the cold trap. The products are dissolved in nitric... 

In the radiochemical procedure the irradiated coal sample and mercuric oxide carrier are digested with sulfuric acid, followed by nitric acid. Water and potassium bisulfate are added to drive off any nitric acid remaining. The mercury is separated by a standard dithizone extraction, and the extract is counted for the 0.077 MeV photopeak of 197Hg with the Nal detector. 

In the finely divided state, arsenious oxide can be oxidised with oxygen under pressure in the presence of nitric acid, which acts as oxygen carrier.5 The oxidising action of the nitric acid usually ceases when reduction to nitric oxide has occurred, but nitric acid is regenerated by oxygen under pressure, thus ... 

Clyne, Thrush, and Wayne107 reexamined the chemiluminescence from the nitric oxide-ozone reaction and found its spectrum to be similar to that of the thermal emission of N02 at 1200°K. They concluded that the spectra represented transitions from similar low-lying vibration levels of the same excited electronic state of NOa to the ground state. By measuring the decay in chemiluminescence down a flow tube, they obtained the value of the rate constant between 216 and 322°K. The partial pressures of ozone and nitric oxide were 5 x 10-3 and 2 x 10 2 torr, respectively, in an argon carrier at a total pressure of 2 torr. In the presence of excess nitric oxide, they assumed the logarithmic disappearance of ozone proportional to [NO], so that... 

Winslow RM (2006) Composition and methods for delivering carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) to tissue using heme proteins as carriers. Patent WO 2006/096774... 

Nitrosylhaems are readily formed from nitric oxide and haems and appear again to be carriers of NO which can effect nitrosation of secondary amines (Bonnett et a .. 1975). The structure of the nitrosylhaems was confirmed by their esr spectra, including those obtained by direct examination of a variety of cured meats (Bonnett et al., 1980). 

The delivery of the NO and the prevention of histamine production are both thought to be carried out by nitrophorin. The nitrophorin molecule consists of a long protein chain coiled around to produce a roughly spherical shape with a heme molecule attached (see accompanying figure). The molecule acts as a carrier of nitric oxide by binding the NO molecule to the iron atom of the heme. 

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