1,2-Nitramines special

While we believe our discussions of nitramine and nitrate ester synthesis to be comprehensive, it would be quite impossible to have a comprehensive discussion of aromatic nitration in this short chapter - published studies into aromatic nitration run into many tens of thousands. The purpose of this chapter is primarily to discuss the methods used for the synthesis of polynitroarylene explosives. Undoubtedly the most important and direct method for the synthesis of polynitroarylenes involves direct electrophilic nitration of the parent aromatic hydrocarbon. This work gives an overview of aromatic nitration but the discussion doesn t approach mechanistic studies in detail. Readers with more specialized interests in aromatic nitration are advised to consult several important works published in this area which give credit to this important reaction class.The use of polynitroarylenes as explosives and their detailed industrial synthesis has been expertly covered by Urbanski in Volumes 1 and 4 of Chemistry and Technology of Explosives ... 

The energetic nitramines, RDX and HMX, provide excellent impulse and nonsmoky exhaust, but their use gives propellants that may detonate when subjected to shock or impact. The possibility of unwanted violent burning or detonation of propellants during transport or storage has resulted in recent emphasis on the development of insensitive (reduced hazard) rocket propellants for tactical applications. Special attention are required in using these energetic materials.47... 

Army. 1990b. Environmental transformation products of nitroaromatics and nitramines Literature review and recommendations for analytical method development. Special report 90-2. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD U.S. Army Toxic and Hazardous Materials Agency, (authored by Walsh ME). 

Miyares PH, Jenkins TF. 1991. Improved salting out extraction-preconcentration determination of nitroaromatics and nitramines in water. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Lab, Special Report 91-18. AD-AD-A245 491. 

Walsh ME, Environmental Transformation Products of Nitroaromatics and Nitramines, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research Engineering Laboratory, Special Report 90-2, Hanover, NH, 1990. 

Grant CL, Jenkins TF, and Golden SM, Experimental Assessment of Analytical Holding Times for Nitroaromatic and Nitramine Explosives in Soil, Special Report 93-11, USA Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH, 1993. 

Special correlations of aromatic nitro compounds, nitramines, and... 

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