Nicotine-imprinted polymers preparation

Molecular imprinting has been used to devise a chemosensor for L-nicotine (Table 6) [178]. For that, poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA) beads, imprinted with the L-nicotine template in chloroform, were incorporated in a film of the conjugated polymer, OCiC10-PPV. EIS has then been utilized for the L-nicotine determination in the 1-10 nM concentration range. This MIP chemosensor showed predominant affinity towards L-nicotine over a structurally related L-nicotine metabolite, L-cotinine. Similarly, the polydopamine-imprinted film prepared by electropolymerization in the phosphate buffer (pH = 7.4) has been used to devise a chemosensor for L-nicotine with LOD of 0.5 pM (Table 6) [106]. This LOD is still much higher than that reported for other L-nicotine determination methods based on MIPs, such as SPE combined with differential pulsed elution, which was 6 nM [31]. 

Matsui, J. Takeuchi, T. A molecularly imprinted polymer rod as nicotine-selective affinity media prepared with 2-(trifluoromethyl)acrylic add. Anal. Comm. 1997, 34 (7), 199-200. 

An (-)-Ephedrine voltammetric sensor prepared through the immobilization of an MIP imprinted polymer for ephedrine in the range of 0.5-3 mM [426], and the MIP-coated gold electrode modified by chitosan-platinum nanoparticles (CS-PtNPs) and graphene-gold nanoparticles (GR-AuNPs) nanocomposites for the determination of erythromycin are other examples of the application of MIPs for the analysis of pharmaceutical species. The latter report used erythromycin as template and 2-mercapto-nicotinic acid functional monomers and yielded a linear response in the range of 7.0 x 10 -9.0 X 10 M and a detection limit of 2.3 x 10 M [378]. 

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