Nickel catalysts carbon-sulfur bond formation

The synthesis of thioethers has been developed using various nickel-NHC complexes. The first report by Ying and coworkers [57] highlighted the abilitjr of a nickel catalyst to couple thiophenol with a variety of aryl bromides and iodides, producing high yields of diaryl thioethers. A recyclable nickel-NHC catalyst was also used in the formation of carbon-sulfur bonds, but was still restricted to the synthesis of diaryl thioethers [58]. Well-defined allyl nickel complexes were shown to be efficient for both the formation of carbon-sulfur and carbon-... 

Due to sluggish reactivity of aryl and vinyl halides in nucleophiUc substitution reactions, the formation of sulfur-carbon(sp ) bonds is typically carried out using transition metal catalysis [22-27]. While the field is dominated by the use of palladium, copper, and nickel catalysts, considerable advances have been made using more abundant metal catalysts such as iron. Additionally, a number of transition metal-fiee approaches have been developed for the formation of sulfur-carbon(sp ) bonds. The following sections will highlight representative examples of C—S bond forming reactions. 

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