Newfoundland

Outside of the United States, there are six primary producers in China, France, Mexico, Morocco, South Africa, and Spain. Mines in Newfoundland, Canada, were closed in 1990. Both Mexico and South Africa have lost market share to China which has high grade, low cost fluorspar. China is expected to dominate world markets because reserves are vast and production cost is low. Table 3 (2) shows a Hst of world producers by country of fluorspar in the early 1990s. 

The first clues to the treatment of scurvy occurred in 1535—1536 when Jacques Cartier, on advice from Newfoundland Indians, fed his crew an extract from spmce tree needles to cure an epidemic. Various physicians were recommending the use of citms fmits to cure scurvy in the mid-sixteenth century. Two hundred years later, in 1753, it was proved by Dr. James Lind, in his famous clinical experiment, that scurvy was associated with diet and caused by lack of fresh vegetables. He also demonstrated that oranges and lemons were the most effective cure against this disease. In 1753, inM Treatise on the Scurvy[ Lind pubhshed his results and recommendations (7). Eorty-two years later, in 1795, the British Navy included lemon juice in seamen s diets, resulting in the familiar nickname "limeys" for British seamen. Evidence has shown that even with undefined scorbutic symptoms, vitamin C levels can be low, and can cause marked diminution in resistance to infections and slow healing of wounds. 

The loss of the Titanic in 1912 has been the subject of many books. The loss of another luxury ship, the Ville du Havre, off the Newfoundland coast in 1873, as the result of a collision, is less well known. The lifeboats were difficult to detach, as the ship was newly painted and everything was stuck fast many could not be detached in time. The life preservers, along the sides of the deck, w ere also stuck fast. Fifty-seven people were rescued, but 226 drowned. On chemical plants, painters have been known to paint everything in sight [12j. 

Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John s, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3X7... 

The final chapter, by Peter Pickup of Memorial University of Newfoundland, gives a comprehensive account of the major and rapidly developing field of the electrochemistry of electronically conducting polymers and their applications. Following the discovery of these materi-... 

Tank vessel Athenian Venture 04-22-88 Canada, southeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland 252,400... 

Foley SF, Jackson SE, Fryer BJ, Greenough JD, Jenner GA (1996) Trace element partition coefficients for clinopyroxene and phlogopite in an alkaline lamprophyre from Newfoundland by LAM-ICP-MS. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 60 629-638... 

Figure 2 The brown seaweed Laminaria dieitata obtained from the North Atlantic off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada.

Rutter, N. W. and B. Blackwell (1995), Amino acid racemization dating, in Rutter, N. W. and N. R. Catto (eds.), Dating Methods for Quaternary Deposits, Vol. 2, Geological Association of Canada, Geotext, St. John s, Newfoundland, pp. 125-164. 

Gold Occurrences. R. James Weick, Geological Survey of Newfoundland and Labrador, http //www.geosurv.gov.nf.ca/education/occgold.html... 

Atlantic cod, Gadus morhus, Newfoundland, November 1990-March 1991 females Liver Muscle Ovaries... 

Atlantic pilot whale, Globicephala melaena Newfoundland, Canada, stranded, 1980-1982 Blubber 1.5 (0.6—3.0) DW 96... 

White-beaked dolphin, Lagenorhynchus albirostris, Newfoundland, Canada, ice-entrapped, 1980-1982, 2-6 years old Kidney 85 (68-112) DW 96... 

Muir, D.G.G., R. Wagemann, N.P. Grift, R.J. Norstrom, M. Simon, and J. Lien. 1988. Organochlorine chemical and heavy metal contaminants in white-beaked dolphins (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) and pilot whales ( Globicephala melaena) from the coast of Newfoundland, Canada. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 17 613-629. 

From Newfoundland-Labrador waters 1988/89 muscle 10 species of marine mammals total PAHs Harbor porpoise, Phocaena phocoena-, muscle UK waters 1988-91 100-1200 FW 30... 

Williams, U.P., J.W. Kiceniuk, and J.R. Botta. 1985. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Sensory Evaluation of Lobsters (Homarus americanus) Exposed to Diesel Oil at Arnold s Cove, Newfoundland. Canada Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquatic Sci. 1402. 13 pp. 

Newfoundland, 1980-82, blubber Long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melaena Females 3.5 (0.5-11.8) FW 14... 

McConnell, J.W., Finch, C., Hall, G.E.M. Davenport, P.H. 1993. Geochemical mapping employing active and overbank stream-sediment, lake sediment and lake water in two areas of Newfoundland. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 49, 123-143. 

The results for the Hg concentrations in stream sediments presented in Fig.1 and Table 1 are preliminary, with more analyses to be done, and more GSC data to be added for Quebec, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. On the whole, the... 

Geological Survey of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Natural Resources, PO Box 8700, St. John s, NL,... 

Newfoundland climate has to date discouraged us from taking our instrument out on traverses. 

In our initial use of VIRS methods, we have chosen a diverse set of projects. These include epithermal-style precious metal mineralization (eastern and central Newfoundland), mesothermal gold mineralization (Central Newfoundland), syngenetic VMS mineralization and related alteration (Central Newfoundland), porphyry-style Mo-Cu mineralization (southern Newfoundland) and uranium mineralization in the Central Mineral Belt of Labrador. Space does not permit detailed discussion of results, but in all cases we were able to recognize distinctive alteration species and document their distribution. In some cases, results provided surprises, eg., the recognition of topaz in quartz-alunite alteration and possible Li-rich micas in VMS alteration influenced by magmatic fluids. In some cases, the resolution of species in mixed assemblages proved to be difficult, but the overall spectral patterns could still be used to discriminate alteration facies and demonstrate their superposition. 

---