Neurosurgical applications

G. Jori (1988). Photodynamic therapy of malignant brain tumors clinical results of, difficulties with, questions about, and future prospects for the neurosurgical applications. Neurosurgery, 23(5), 557-563. 

C.l. Shaffrey, W.D. Spotnitz, M.E. Shaffrey, J.A. Jane, Neurosurgical applications of fibrin glue augmentation of dural closure in 134 patients. Neurosurgery 26 (1990) 207—210. 

F. A. (1997). Development and implementation of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging and its neurosurgical applications, Neurosurgery 41, 831-843. 

Stoof JC, Booji J, Drukarch B. (1992). Amantadine as /V-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antagonist new possibilities for therapeutic applications Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 94(suppl) S4-6. 

Mokri B (2001) The Monro-Kellie hypothesis applications in CSF volume depletion. Neurology 56 1746-1748 Naruse S, Horikawa Y, Tanaka C, Hirakawa K, Nishikawa H, Yoshizaki K (1982) Proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies on brain edema. J Neurosurg 56 747-752 Nedergaard M, Vorstrup S, Astrup J (1986) Cell density in the borderzone around old small human brain infarcts. Stroke 17 1129-1137... 

Di Chiro G, Wener L (1973) Angiography of the spinal cord. A review of contemporary techniques and applications. J Neurosurg 39 1-29... 

Eikmeier G, Kuhlmann R, Gastpar M. Thrombosis of cerebral veins following intravenous application of clomipramine. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1988 51(11) 1461. 

Sharma RR, Cast IP, Redfern RM, O Brien C. Extradural application of bismuth iodoform paraffin paste causing relapsing bismuth encephalopathy a case report with CT and MRI studies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994 57(8) 990-3. 

Dufrane D, Marchal C, Cornu O, Raftopoulos C, Delloye C. Clinical application of a physically and chemically processed human substitute for dura mater. J Neurosurg 2002 98 1198-202. 

Other more specific routes are employed for the administration of the active substance directly to the therapeutic site. For administration into the central nervous system the intrathecal, epidural or infracistemal injection route is used. Intrathecal injection is an injection into the spinal canal, more specifically into the sub-arachnoid space so that it reaches the cerebrospinal fluid and is useful in spinal anaesthesia, chemotherapy, or pain management applications. This route is also used for antibiotic treatment of infections, particularly post-neurosurgical. Medicines given intrathe-cally must not contain any preservative. 

Yuen TGH, Agnew WF, Bullara LA, Jacques S, McCreery DB (1981) Histologictil evaluation of neural damage from electrical stimulation considerations for the selection of parameters for clinical application. Neurosurg 9(3) 292-299... 

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