Neurons structure and function

Impact of Dietary Essential Fatty Acids on Neuronal Structure and Function... 

Sensory receptors that structurally and functionally belong to the G protein coupled receptor superfamily. Olfactory receptors are a large GPCR family with >300 members in human that are expressed in neurons of the nasal olfactory epithelium where they sense mostly volatile olfactory molecule. The overall number of olfactory receptors differs widely between species and an expansion of different recqrtors is in particular obvious in species that depend on their olfactory sense for survival. 

Catterall WA (2000) From ionic currents to molecular mechanisms the structure and function of voltage-gated sodium channels. Neuron 26 13-25... 

The axon comprises a major portion of the total volume and surface area in most neurons and may extend several thousand cell body diameters. Since the genetic material and nearly all the protein synthesis machinery are localized to the cell body, a supply line is maintained to provide structural and functional materials to sites all along the length of the axon. Insights as to how neurons accomplish this task can be obtained by real-time imaging of living axons with video-enhanced light microscopy [1] (Fig. 28-1). 

Different classes of myosin are important for neuronal function. Myosins are remarkably diverse in structure and function. To date, 15 subfamilies of myosin have been defined by sequence homologies [41]. The brain is an abundant source of nonmuscle myosins and one of the earliest studied. Despite their abundance and variety, the roles of myosins in neural tissues have only recently begun to be defined [40]. 

Proteins involved in the fundamental structure and function of neurons are decreased in schizophrenia 883... 

Proteins involved in the fundamental structure and function of neurons are decreased in schizophrenia. Several postmortem studies have identified consistent reductions in the expression of mitochondrial associated genes involved in oxidative metabolism, such as cytochrome oxidase and cytochrome C reductase [23], Reduced oxidative metabolism is consistent with evidence of increased brain lactate,... 

Catterall WA (1998) Structure and function of neuronal Ca2+ channels and their role in neurotransmitter release. Cell Calcium 24 307-323... 

The response of the brain to both acute and chronic stress can be discussed in terms of its capacity to demonstrate its dynamic plasticity. The term plasticity describes almost any change in the brain, from the chemical level to the formation of new neurons and synapses. Prolonged or chronic stress has specific effects on the structure and function of the synapses in different brain regions. The neurons in different regions may show signs of atrophy, cell death, as a result of chronic psychosocial stress, as well as after... 

Paton WDM, Zaimis EJ (1949) The pharmacological actions of polymethylene bistrimethylammo-nium salts. Br J Pharmacol Chemother 4 381 00 Patrick J, Stallcup WB (1977) a-Bungarotoxin binding and cholinergic receptor function on a rat sympathetic nerve line. J Biol Chem 252 8629-8633 Patrick J, Boulter J, Deneris E, Wada K, Wada E, Connolly J, Swanson L, Heinemann S (1989) Structure and function of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors deduced from cDNA clones. Prog Brain Res 79 27-33... 

Ion channels are large proteins which form pores through the neuronal membrane. The precise structure and function of the ion channels depend on their physiological function and distribution along the dendrites and cell body. These include specialized neurotransmitter-sensitive receptor channels. In addition, some ion channels are activated by specific metal ions such as sodium or calcium. The structure of the voltage-dependent sodium channel has been shown to consist of a complex protein with both a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic domain, the former domain occurring within the neuronal membrane while the latter domain occurs both inside and outside the neuronal membrane. 

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