Neurons sigma receptors

The precise mechanisms by which phencyclidine causes its clinical effects have not been fully delineated. Phencyclidine blocks the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and thereby calcium influx into cells. Phencyclidine inhibits the biogenic amine reuptake complex and thereby inhibits norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake. Phencyclidine also increases adrenergic activity by indirectly releasing norepinephrine from presynaptic neurons. Phencyclidine in high doses stimulates sigma receptors. 

Hamabe W, Fujita R, Yasusa T, Yoneda F, Yoshida A, Ueda H (2000) (-)l-(Benzofuran-2-yl)-2-propylaminopentane shows survival effect on cortical neurons under serum-free condition through sigma receptors. Cell Mol Neurobiol 20 695-702... 

Vilner, B.J., Bowen, W.D., 1996. Effects of sigma receptor ligands on rat superior cervical ganglion neurons in vitro. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 22 (787.6), 2006. 

Aydar E, Palmer CP, Klyachko VA, Jackson MB. The sigma receptor as a ligand-regulated auxiliary potassium channel subunit. Neuron. 2002 34(3) 399 10. 

Mifflin SW, Felder RB (1990) Synaptic mechanisms regulating cardiovascular afferent inputs to solitary tract nucleus. Am J Physiol 259 H653-H661 Mochizuki H, Shimizu T, Morikawa A, Kuroume T (1995) Inhaled diuretics attenuate acid-induced cough in children with asthma. Chest 107 413 17 Monnet FP (2005) Sigma-1 receptor as regulator of neuronal intracellular Ca2-l- Clinical and therapeutic relevance. Biol Cell 97 873-883... 

It has been however found to be specific competitive antagonistic of Sigma sites in brain. It reverses psychotic conditions induced in humans by phencyclidine and/or a-opiod antagonistics probably by these compound to receptors in brain. Rincazole has indirect effect on dopamine neurons (DA) with relative selection for AlO dopamine cells (102). 

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