Neurological/neuronal diseases

Carpenter, S. Proximal axonal enlargement in motor neuron disease. Neurology 18 841-851,1968. 

Diseases of muscle are usually classified as muscular dystrophies, inflammatory or congenital myopathies, metabolic disorders affecting the muscle, and neurological diseases affecting the innervation of the muscle (so-called motor neuron diseases). In the past, the energy metabolism of some muscular diseases... 

Gordon PH, Rowland LP, Younger DS, Sherman WH, Hays AP, Louis ED, et al. Lymphoproliferative disorders and motor neuron disease An update. Neurology 1997 48(6) 1671-1678. 

Younger DS, Rowland LP, Latov N, Sherman W, PesceM, Lange DJ, etal. Motor neuron disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Relation of high CSF protein content to paraproteinemia and clinical syndromes. Neurology 1990 40(4) 595-599. 

Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). Main autoantigen in -diabetes mellitus type 1 and stiff-person syndrome (a neurological autoimmune disease). Localized in pancreatic beta cells and GABA-ergic neurons. 

IGF I has recently been the focus of considerable interest due to its actions on motor neurons. It can prevent normal motor neuron cell death during development, reduce the loss of these cells following nerve injury and enhance axonal regeneration. In the adult, injection of IGF I results in sprouting of motor neuron terminals and increases the size of the neuromuscular junction. These and other studies suggest potential therapeutic applications of IGF I in several neurological diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and peripheral neuropathies. 

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