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Neuroleptic drugs actions

In this chapter I will look at the main body of research on which current beliefs about the nature and efficacy of the so-called antipsychotic or neuroleptic drugs are based. I will attempt to evaluate whether the data from this and other research supports a disease-based theory of neuroleptic drug action in disorders diagnosed as psychosis or schizophrenia. [Pg.76]

Is a disease-centred view of neuroleptic drug action justified ... [Pg.95]

Reynolds GP, Rossor MN, Iversen LL. 1983. Preliminary studies of human cortical 5-HT2 receptors and their involvement in schizophrenia and neuroleptic drug action. J Neural Transm Suppl. 18 273-277. [Pg.487]

Feldon J, Weiner I (1991) Effects of haloperidol on the multitrial partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE) evidence for neuroleptic drug action on nonreinforcement but not on reinforcement. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 705 407 114. [Pg.380]

Holocomb HH, Cascella NG, Thaker GK et al (1996b) Functional sites of neuroleptic drug action in human brain PET/FDG studies with and without haloperidol. Am J Psychiatry 153 41-49... [Pg.345]

The slow time-course of depolarisation block not only offers an explanation for the latency of action of neuroleptic drugs but its occurrence may explain how they actually reduce DA function. Whether it explains their antischizophrenic effect is less certain since it is not possible to determine if such depolarisation occurs in patients on neuroleptic drugs. Certainly if this is how neuroleptics work it cannot be claimed that they have returned brain function to normal. [Pg.362]

In deciphering the role of the different NTs, or more precisely their antagonists, in the antischizophrenic action of neuroleptic drugs it must be remembered that published binding data and calculated dissociation constants vary considerably, which, of course, affects correlation coefficients made with clinical activity. Factors to bear in mind are ... [Pg.367]

Representatives of diphenylbutylpiperidines are pimozide, fluspirilene, and penfluridol, which belong to the powerful neuroleptic drugs with expressed antipsychotic properties similar to haloperidol. The principle distinctive feature of this series of drugs is their prolonged action. The mechanism of their action is not completely known however, it is clear that they block dopaminergic activity. [Pg.96]

Because of multiple receptor actions, which occur at different concentrations, different neuroleptics have different action profiles. There are many classifications for neuroleptic drugs, the least useful of which is probably based on their chemical structure. Other classifications include linear classifications based on the propensity to cause EPS, or multidimensional ones such as the Liege star which combines information on three positive effects (anti-autistic, antiproductive, antipsychotic), and three negative (hypotensive, extrapyramidal, sedative). In a general way, the more sedative neuroleptics such as levomepromazine, used more to treat acute agitation states, cause more hypotension related to alpha blockade, whereas those that act best on delirium (productive states) such as haloperidol tend to cause more EPS. [Pg.678]

Laborit in the early 1950s is credited with the observation that chlorpromazine had a "calming effect in disturbed schizophrenic patients and since that time psychopharmacologists have sought to explain the mechanism of action of neuroleptic drugs. Carlsson and Linquist in 1963 demonstrated a link between the therapeutic effects of the phenothiazine neuroleptics and an inhibition of dopamine receptor function. This led to... [Pg.268]

The neuroleptic drugs are psychiatry s most notorious drug treatment. They are the principle treatment for the most severe and symbolic of psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia or psychosis, but they are intensely disliked by many patients who therefore often have to be forced or pressurised to take them. They are also a focus of controversy due to claims about their brain damaging effects. They have been known under many names including major tranquillisers and phenoth-iazines, but are now mostly referred to as antipsychotics a term that originated in North America. However to avoid the implications of disease specificity that this name implies I will mainly refer to them here as neuroleptics, a term that, as I explain below, better describes their characteristic actions. [Pg.63]

The fact that the theory was stimulated by observed actions of neuroleptic drugs on dopamine is clearly demonstrated in these early... [Pg.72]

It is not clear that so-called antipsychotic drugs are superior to other types of drugs with sedative effects but different mechanisms of action. Lithium, benzodiazepines and opium have been shown to be comparable to neuroleptics in the treatment of psychotic states in some studies. The ability of the neuroleptic drugs to reduce the most characteristic symptoms of psychosis such as hallucinations, delusions and thought disorder have often been interpreted as evidence of their specifically antipsychotic or antischizophrenic action (The National Institute of Mental Health Psychopharmacology Service Center Collaborative Study... [Pg.97]

The fact that a disease-centred view of the nature and action of antidepressants has dominated psychiatric research since the 1960s means there has been little research into what drug-induced effects these drugs produce. Patient or user literature on their effects is also more often dominated by a disease-centred view than similar literature on neuroleptic drugs, perhaps because no alternative view of their action has ever been established. The first point to appreciate from a drug-centred perspective is that the drugs currently referred to as antidepressants come from many different chemical classes. We would expect them therefore to have quite different profiles of action. I will describe available evidence on two of the main classes of antidepressant drugs. [Pg.159]


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