Neumann, Franz

Wilhelm Weber, Franz Neumann, and Thomas Seebeck filled its pages and following the founding of the "new" physical chemistry in the 1880s, the Annalen dropped "Chemie" from its title in 1900. 

Verlag C. H. Beck, Munchen, Verlag Franz VaWen, Munchen, 1987. P. Dietz, U. Neumann... 

Petit and Dulong suggested that their law might apply to compounds but made no attempt to verify this. It was first extended to solid compounds by Franz Ernst Neumann, professor of physics and mineralogy in Konigsberg, who from results with carbonates, sulphides, and oxides, concluded that the amounts of chemically similar compounds expressed by their formulae possess equal specific heats , by which he understood molecular heats, i.e. sp. ht. xmol. wt. Avogadro arrived at a similar conclusion, but his results were not very accurate and were criticised by Regnault, who confirmed Neumann s law for compounds de mSme composition atomique et de constitution chimique semblable . 

Nature around us is full of disorder and chaos, yet it also offers intriguing examples of perfect order and symmetry. Ever since prehistoric times, man has been admiring the circular geometry of a full moon or the perfectly flat surface of a calm sea. Crystals offer another example of almost ideal symmetrical shapes, and it is no surprise that early recognition of the important role of symmetry in physics was based on the study of properties of crystals. Two pioneers of the prequantum era, Franz Neumann and Pierre Curie [1], stand out for their important conjectures. 

Nikolaus Steno, as early as 1669. formulated the law of constant angles, which states that two like edges of crystals of the same substance always make equal angles with each other. In 1823. Franz Ernst Neumann discovered the law of simple rational indices. Planes drawn through faces of a cry.stal intersect three coordinate axes, constructed parallel to crystal edges, at minima lengths a. b. c that are in a constant ratio to one another. The other faces of the crystal can be... 

Montesquieu, Esprit des lois. Montesquieu, Baron de. The Spirit of the Laws. Translated by Thomas Nugent with introduction by Franz Neumann. New York ... 

Other researchers were bringing on alternatives to these drawn and intuitive methods. A sequence of successes attracted talented mathematicians towards research in statics. Studies of differential equations seemed to show that certain of their characteristics, such as critical points, represented physical phenomena, providing otherwise unattainable insights into the nature of structural instability. Among a host of workers, D.J. Jourawski (1821-1891), Gustave Kirchoff (1824-1887), George Gabriel Stokes (1819-1903), Franz Neumann (1798-1895) and William John Macquorn Rankine... 

This is the Neumann-Curie principle, developed by Franz Neumann in 1833 and Pierre Curie in 1894 see, e.g., in J.F. Nye, Physical Properties o/ Crystals, Oxford University Press, Oxford (1957). 

Here, Q represents the volumetric flow rate, D the tube diameter, and L the tube length. Rouse and Ince (1957) suggest that Stokes was not aware of the data of Hagen and Poiseuille and it remained for Franz Neumann and Eduard Hagenback to independently derive Eq. 1-70 from the Navier-Stokes equations in the years 1858-1860. 

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