Neuberger

M. Neuberger and D. B. Carter, Magnesium Oxide, Electronic Properties Information Center, Culver City, Calif, 1969, p. 3. 

From acrolein by oxidation with sodium chlorate and osmium tetraoxide. Neuberg, Biochem. Z. 255, i (1932). 

Fructose-1,6-diphosphate (trisodium sait) [38099-82-0] M 406.1, pKj 6.14, pK 6.93 (free acid). For purification via the acid strychnine salt, see Neuberg, Lustig and Rothenberg [Arch Biochem 3 33 1943]. The calcium salt can be partially purified by soln in ice-cold M HCl (Ig per lOmL) and repptn by dropwise addition of 2M NaOH the ppte and supernatant are heated on a boiling water bath for a short time, then filtered and the ppte is washed with hot water. The magnesium salt can be pptd from cold aqueous soln by adding four volumes of EtOH. 

The (ZZ-ephedrine was resolved into its components by the use of d-and Z-mandelic acids. In 1921 Neuberg and Hirsch showed that benz-aldehyde was reduced by yeast, fermenting in suerose or glueose solution to benzyl aleohol and a phenylpropanolone, which proved to be Z-Ph. CHOH. CO. CH3. This ean be simultaneously, or consecutively, eondensed with methylamine and then eonverted to Z-ephedrine by reduction, e.g., with aluminium amalgam in moist ether, or by hydrogen in presenee of platinic oxide as catalyst (Knoll, Hildebrant and Klavehn ). 

Neuberg and Tiemann propose the following method, depending on the fact that most aldehydes form a compound with thiosemi-car-bazide. The oil containing aldehyde is heated in alcoholic solution on a water-bath, with thiosemi-carbazide. Various salts of the heavy metals will form insoluble precipitates with the thiosemi-carbazone formed, and such precipitate is dissolved in alcohol, and a current of hydrogen sulphide passed through until the metal is precipitated, leaving the thiosemi-carbazone dissolved in the alcohol. 

Die erste Bearbeitung dieser Transformationsreaktionen wurde von C. Neuberg inten-siv vorangetrieben. Eine gute Zusammenfassung der bis 1958 bekannten Reaktionen fin-det sich in Lit.4. 

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