Net Charge of a Particle The Isoelectric Point

The charge of proteins or cells is the basis for the reciprocal repulsion of particles in a suspension. Loss of charge means losing repulsive forces and implies clotting and precipitation. Blood coagulation is the result of such a process. 

Osmosis is the transport of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane into a more concentrated solution. Reverse osmosis is applying a sufficiently high pressure on the more concentrated side to reverse the transport direction. In medicine, dialysis is the separation of suspended colloidal particles from dissolved ions or molecules of small 

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