Nerve guide conduit

Wang S, Andrew CA, et al. A new nerve guide conduit material composed of a biodegradable poly (phosphoester). Biomaterials, 2001, 22, 1157-1169. 

Fig. 2. (A) Nerve guide conduit from the poly(phosphoester), poly(bis(hydroxyethyl) terepthalate-ethyl ortho-phosphate/terephthaloyl chloride) (Mw 14,900, solution concentration 34% (w/w), immersion bath water, drying method freeze-drying) (B) cross-section of conduit showing distinct coating layers (C) cross-section of conduit with finger-like cavities. [Reproduced with permission from Wan et al. (2001).]...

Veronese and coworkers in Italy used polymers with ethyl alanate side groups for the controlled release of anti-inflammatory agents, and for tissue regeneration in the treatment of periodontal disease. The same polymers have also been utilized in bioerodible nerve guide conduits for nerve regeneration.219... 

Li, S.T., Archibald, S.J., Krarup, C., and Madison, R.D. 1991. The development of coUagen nerve guiding conduits that promote peripheral nerve regeneration. In Biotechnology and Polymers, C.G. Gebelein (Ed.),pp. 282-293, Plenum Press, New York. 

Mottaghitalab, R, Farokhi, M., Zaminy, A., Kokabi, M., Soleimani, M., Mirahmadi, F., Shokrgozar, M.A., Sadeghizadeh, M., 2013. A biosynthetic nerve guide conduit based on silk/SWNT/ flbronectin nanocomposite for peripheral nerve regeneration. PLoS One 8, e74417. 

In an effort to develop a nerve guiding conduit, we have specifically focused on two of the key parameters listed above, namely the material and the permeability of the conduit. We selected type I collagen from bovine Achilles tendon for nerve conduit fabrication because it causes minimal inflammation responses in humans. Type I collagen is biodegradable and can be chemically modified to alter its physicochemical, mechanical and biological properties. Thus, type I collagen is a logical material to meet the requirements for peripheral nerve repair. 

Xu, X., W.-G. Yee, P. Y. K. Hwang et al. 2003. Peripheral nerve regeneration with sustained release of poly(phosphoester) microencapsulated nerve growth factor within nerve guide conduits. Biomaterials 24 2405-12. 

Archibald, S, Krarup, C, Shefner, J, Li, S, and Madison, R. 1991. A collagen-based nerve guide conduit for peripheral nerve repair An electrophysiological study of nerve regeneration in rodents and nonhuman primates. / Comp Neurol 306(4) 685-696. 

The obtained copolymer P(BHET-EOP/TC) has been fabricated into conduits to guide nerve regeneration. One day after implantation, some of the nerve guide conduit chambers (three out of four type II conduits) became filled with a solid structure that bridged the two nerve stumps (Figure 20(a)). This structure appeared as a blood clot and was loosely attached to the stumps. On day 3, the solid structure was present in all tubes examined (Figure 20(b)). By microscopic examination, small threads dis-... 

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