Nephrolithiasis drug-related

Indinavir is associated with a dose-related risk of nephrolithiasis the risk is thereby increased by drug interactions that result in increased plasma concentrations. 

Indinavir For use with zidovudine and lamivudine in cases where there is an increased risk for HIV transmission (i.e., source has high viral titer or large volume exposure) Expanded regimen Zidovudine 300 mg BID, lamivudine 150 mg BID, and indinavir 800 mg TID for 28 days Dose-related hyperbilirubinemia, nephrolithiasis, metallic taste, rash, dry mouth/ mucous membranes Hepatic elimination Give with water at least 1 hr prior, or 2 hr after a meal food will substantially reduce bioavailability Minimum of 48 oz fluids daily to reduce nephrolithiasis Numerous drug interactions... 

An AIDS patient who is being treated with multiple drugs, including AZT, lamivudine, indinavir, ketoconazole, and TMP-SMX, develops breast hypertrophy, central adiposity, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and nephrolithiasis. If these changes are related to his drug treatment, the most likely cause is... 

Systemic absorption of epinephrine-related drugs and 13 adrenergic antagonists can induce all the side effects found with direct systemic administration. The systemic use of CAIs may give some patients significant problems with malaise, fatigue, depression, paresthesias, and nephrolithiasis the topical CAIs may minimize these relatively common side effects. 

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