Needle Fluid Collections

In difficult-to-access and deep abdominal/pelvic fluid collections, the direction of the guiding needle can be exactly controlled with respect to adjacent neurovascular structures and bowels... 

During the ongoing assessment, the nurse checks the needle site every 15 to 30 minutes or more frequently if the patient is restless or confused. When one of these preparations is given with a regular IV infusion set, the nurse checks the infusion rate every 15 minutes. The needle site is inspected for signs of extravasation (escape of fluid from a blood vessel into surrounding tissues) orinfiltration (the collection of fluid into tissues). 

Figure 8-10 shows ideas that have been collected. There are two ideas to increase dosing accuracy a screw preset to fix the amount injected and a ratchet preset, where the piston is pulled out a certain distance beforehand. The force for pushing the fluid through the needle should not be too large even when very thin needles are used. There are two proposals for this using a screw and gears. 

Cultures should be collected from either a biopsy or fluid obtained by needle aspiration. 

Microdroplets can be generated within microfluidic devices using different methods such as electric fields [134], micro-injectors [135] and needles [136]. However, the most widely used methods for droplet generation rely on flow instabdities between immiscible fluids that lead to the so-called multiphase flow. Any fluid flow consisting of more than one phase or component (e.g., emulsions and foams) are examples of multiphase fluids. Traditional emulsification methods are based on the agitation of immiscible fluids and result in the formation of a polydisperse collection of droplets. By... 

Various body fluids, in addition to blood and urine, are available in forensic autopsy cases. These fluids include cerebrospinal fluid, vitreous humor, pericardial fluid, and bile. Samples can be collected with disposable syringes, with or without needles, and transferred to glass containers (5-10 ml) containing sodium fluoride at a final concentration of 1-2% as a preservative. As samples from living persons, the containers should be preserved at 4°C until analysis. Special care should be taken while testing for ethanol in postmortem samples since intestinal bacteria diffuse through the body after death via vascular system and induce putrefaction. In moderate to heavily... 

A sample of 475 staff from 10 hospitals in Costa Rica, Gimeno et al. (2005) found that safety culture was related to self-reported work-related injuries. Another study of 789 hospital-based healthcare workers in the USA, found that experienced blood and body fluid exposure incidents for workers were lower when senior management support, safety feedback and training were perceived favourably (Gershon et al. 2000). In Japan, reduced needle-stick and sharp injuries to hospital workers were associated with safety culture factors, such as being involved in health and safety matters (Smith et al. 2010). In our Scottish hospital sample, we collected information on self-reports of worker injuries, as well as observed errors affecting patients. 

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