Near-zero chemical technology

Technology 3 The Near-Zero Chemical and Metal Discharge Technology... 

In the field of not only traditional metallurgy but also recently developed nano-technology, it is very interesting and important what change is introduced when it is surrounded by other atoms. Such a change in electronic states has been investigated as chemical shift detected by X-ray (XPS) and UV (UPS) photoemission spectroscopy [1] as well as X-ray emission and absorption spectroscopy [2,3]. Also, such a chemical shift has been simulated by theoretical calculation [4]. However, many problems have been unsolved. In the case of XPS and UPS, since the most outer layers of substances are analyzed, the spectra are easily affected by absorbed gaseous molecules. Also, with the X-ray emission and absorption spectroscopy it is difficult to analyze the complicated X-ray transition states for substances composed of heavy metal elements. Therefore, a complementary method has been demanded for the spectroscopy such as XPS, UPS and X-ray emission and absorption spectroscopy. The coefficient y of the electronic contribution to heat capacity, Cp, near absolute zero Kelvin reflects the density of states (DOS) in the vicinity of Fermi level (EF) [5]. Therefore, the measurement of y is expected to be one of the useful methods to clarify the electronic states of substances composed of heavy metal elements. 

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