Near infrared spectroscopy principle

H.W. Siesler, Y. Ozaki, S. Kawata and H.M. Heise (eds), Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Principles, Instruments, Applications, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (Germany), 2002. 

Siesler HW, Ozaki Y, Kawata S, Heise HM. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Principles, Instruments and Applications. Weinheim, Germany Wiley, 2002. Wetzel DL. Near Infrared reflectance analysis Sleeper among the spectroscopic techniques. Anal Chem 1983 55(12) 1165A-1175A. 

Si, Y., Zhou, J., Chen, H., Zhou, D., and Yue, Y. (2004). Effects of humic substances on photodegradation of bensulfuron-methyl on dry soil surfaces. Chemosphere 56, 967-972. Siesler, H. W., Ozaki,Y., Kawata, S., and Heise,H. M., editors. (2002). Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Principles, Instruments, Applications, Wilcy-VCI I, Wcinhcim. 

Siesler, H. W., Y. Ozaki, S. Kawata, and H. M. Heise. 2002. Near-infrared spectroscopy Principles, instruments, applications. New York Wiley. 

Siesler H, Ozaki Y, Kawata Y, Heise H (2002) Near-infrared spectroscopy principles, instruments, applications. John Wiley Sons, New York. 

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Principles, Instruments, Applications, ed. Siesler H.W., Ozaki Y, Kawata S., Heise H.M., Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2001. 

Ozaki, Y, et al, Near-infrared spectroscopy Principles, instruments, applications. Weinheim... 

Naes, T., Isaksson, T., "Selection of Samples for Calibration in Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Part I General Principles Illustrated by Example", Appl. Spec. 1989 (43) 328-335. 

The above principles will be exemplified through a brief discussion of near-infrared spectroscopy. 

E.W. Ciurczak, Principles of near-infrared spectroscopy, in Handbook of Near-Infrared Analysis, 2nd edn, D.A. Burns and E.W. Ciurczak (eds), Marcel Dekker, New York, 2001. 

K. Molt, Principles and applications of quality control by near infrared spectroscopy using the example of polymer additives. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 348, 523 (1994). 

A typical illustration of a PAT approach to quality improvement is the use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to qualify excipients and active principles just before they enter the production process, for example, in dispensing. As discussed in the next part, near-infrared (NIR) spectra are informative about product structure and overall quality. Because with substances such as excipients the quality range was investigated at some time in the past and fixed into a calibration, NIR measurement can provide simultaneous nondestructive confirmation of the predominant physical and chemical parameters. This is an effective method of reducing uncertainties about possible causes of failure or poor quality during production. Each time a given excipient fails its quality requirements at the moment of use, immediate action can be taken. Control is possible before the risk of failure is increased. Such an approach is complementary to container-wise identification of materials on delivery to a warehouse. 

Ferrari M.MottolaL, Quaresima V. Principles, techniques, and limitations of near infrared spectroscopy. Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 2004, 29, 463 187. 

Reich G. Near-infrared spectroscopy and imaging basic principles and pharmaceutical applications. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 2005, 57, 1109-1143. 

Berzins V (1965) A rapid procedure for the determination of kappa number Tappi 48 15-20 Berzins V (1966) Micro-kappa numbers Pulp Pap Mag Can 67 T206-T208 Bethge PO, Gran G, Ohlsson K-E (1952) Determination of lignin in chemical wood pulp I Principles and methods Sven Papperstidn 55 44-48 Bihkova A (1973) Verification of analytical methods for the determination of lignin in water Vodm Hospod 23(2) 44, Abstr Bull Inst Pap Chem 48 1245 Birkett MD, Gambino MJT (1989) Estimation of pulp kappa number with near-infrared spectroscopy Tappi J 72(9) 193-197... 

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a technique that has been around for some time but, like NMR spectroscopy, has only recently been improved and developed for on-line applications. Near-infrared analysis (NIRA) is a nondestructive technique that is versatile in the sense that it allows many constituents to be analyzed simultaneously 112, 113). The NIR spectrum of a sample depends upon the anharmonic bond vibrations of the constituent molecules. This condition means that the temperature, moisture content, bonding changes, and concentrations of various components in the sample can be determined simultaneously. In addition, scattering by particles such as sand and clay in the sample also allows (in principle) the determination of particle size distributions by NIRA. Such analyses can be used to determine the size of droplets in oil-water emulsions. 

Givens D I, De Boever J L and Deaville E R 1997 The principles, practices and some future applications of near infrared spectroscopy for predicting the nutritive value of foods for animals and humans. Nutrition Research Reviews 10 83-114. 

G. Reich, Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Imaging Basic Principles and Pharmaceutical Applications, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 57,1109 (2005). 

A. Pifferi, A. Farina, A. Torricelli, G. Quarto, R. Cubeddu, and P. Taronia, Review Time-Domain Broadband Near Infrared Spectroscopy of the Female Breast A Focused Review from Basic Principles to Future Perspectives, /. Near Infrared Spectros., 20,223 (2012). 

Principles of Molecular Vibrations for Near-Infrared Spectroscopy... 

PRINCIPLES OF MOLECULAR VIBRATIONS FOR NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY... 

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