Nasal disorders infections

This chapter deals with preparations for nasal administration, with a local or a systemic effect. Classical nasal preparations were always associated with local ailments, but nowadays the interest in the nasal route for systemi-cally acting substances and direct nose to brain delivery is increasing. Fast absorption, the possibility of high blood levels and a patient friendly dosage form are the reasons. Nasal administration of medicines with local effect is the first choice for the treatment of topical nasal disorders. It is also an attractive route for low dose active substances with a systemic effect, such as peptides or benzodiazepines (e.g. midazolam). When compared to parenteral administration nasal administration is more easily applied and causes less risk of infection. 

For the treatment of panic disorder, the starting adult dose is 0.25 mg twice a day, which may be increased by one mg daily after three days. Clonazepam s safety and effectiveness has not been determined for individuals under the age of 18. Side effects in the treatment of panic disorders are similar to many of the benzodiazepines, and include allergic reaction, inflamed sinuses or nasal passages, flu, menstrual problems, respiratory infection, speech problems, and vaginal inflammation. 

---