Nanowire large area aligned

Unlike hard templates (alumina, zeolites, etc.) which require many synthetic steps, surfactant templates may be a convenient alternative. The morphology of PANI and PPy (spheres, wires, flat films) can be modulated though the use of adsorbed surfactants aided by co-adsorbing molecules aligned nanowires of PANI produced by this template assisted method can be self-assembled over large areas for the improvement of microelectronic and sensor devices, as depicted in Fig. 1.11 [139]. 

An attractive method to improve the light absorption and charge-carrier collection involves high aspect ratio cylindrical absorbers, such as ID nanowires [40], To fabricate such solar cells, the following methods are required (1) preparation of large area arrays that are vertically aligned, (2) fabrication of electrical junctions to such wire arrays, and (3) fabrication of electrical contacts to the backsides of the devices. 

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