Nanostructures schematic depiction

Fig. 15.5. Schematic depiction of the generalized strategy for preparation of polymeric nanostructures via bulk phase-separated block copolymers.

Figure 17.1 Schematic depiction of 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D nanostructures in which the diameter, thickness, or particle size of the respective structures are typically on the order of tens of nanometersor less in dimension. Modulation in the relative size and intensity of the depleted/ accumulated regions (orange) with respect to...

Electronic communication between electrode surfaces and biocatalysts can be achieved by direct electron transfer if the active site of the biocatalyst is not located too remote from the protein surface, as discussed elsewhere in this book (Chapter 17). Direct electron transfer is an attractive process for fuel cells as no other molecules except the substrate and the enzyme are involved in the electrocatalytic reaction, as depicted in the schematic in Fig. 12.2. The enzyme is the relay for the electron transfer between the substrate and the electrode surface. Recent advances in tailoring surface nanostructural features to match the size of co-substrate channels in biocatalysts, and in reconstituting active prosthetic groups tethered to, and communicating electronically with, surfaces, with apo-enzymes, are elegant demonstrations of direct electron transfer to biocatalyst active sites that were previously considered inaccessible to electrode surfaces [8-17]. 

Figure 9 Schematic representation of a tube nanostructure formed by PE0z21-/ PBLG68 in benzyl alcohol. The PEOz chains are depicted as coils, and the PBLG units as dark helical rods. Reproduced with permission from Kuo, S. W. Lee, H. F. Huang, C. F. etal. J. Polym. ScL, Part A Polym. Chem. 2008, 46, 3108-3119, Copyright Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA. ° ...

Interestingly, rrO- PAH/Co TsPc 3 electrode in 0.1 mol PBS catalyzed oxidation of cysteine to cystine in the concentration range of 1.0 x lO " -1.6 X 10 mol at 0.4 V (vs SCE). The mechanism of cysteine oxidation catalyzed by this nanostructured electrode is depicted schematically in Fig. 5.5. Additionally, the electrochemical behavior of Co TsPc nanostructured electrode was more sensitive than those with bare ITO and ITO-Co°TsPc electrodes. 

Fig. 15.8 Schematic diagram depicting the fabrication of silicon/carbon hybrid nanostructures using a liquid-injection CVD process to grow the initial vertically aligned CNTs, followed by the subsequent deposition of silicon (Reprinted with permission from Wang and Kumta [18], Copyright 2010 American Chemical Society)...

Fig. 6.12 Schematic presentation of nanostructure evolution mechanisms during pre-straining and load-cycling. Only crystaUme HOPE domains are depicted. Filled arrow-heads straining branches (e(/) > 0), open arrow-heads relaxation branches (e (t) < 0). a Materials with PA6 the complex cycle includes epitaxial strain crystallization, b Materials with PA12 simple cycle governed by domain disruption and domain defragmentation, c Speculative firee strain crystallization for materials with PA12 from the evolution of the scattering power Q t)...

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