Nanostructured liquid crystals

Goodby J, Saez I, Cowling S et al (2008) Transmission and amplification of information and properties in nanostructured liquid crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed 47 2754-2787... 

Reddy GSM, Jayaramudu J, Varaprasad K, Sadiku R, Jailani SA, Aderibigbe BA (2014) Nanostructured Liquid Crystals-Chapter 9. In Thomas S, Shanks R, Chandrasekharakurup S (eds) Nanostrudured Polymer Blends. William Andrew Publishing, Oxford... 

M. Yoneya, Toward rational design of complex nanostructured liquid crystals. Chem. Rec. 11, 66-76 (2011)... 

A realistic target for molecular simulation of the nanostructured liquid crystal phases shown in Fig. 10.37 are the smectic Q (SmQ) and the cubic (Cub) phases. It is virtually impossible to reveal the molecular level structure of these two phases from experimental X-ray diffraction data, and thus we tried a molecular simulation approach [96]. 

These research results on nanostructured liquid crystal phase structures strengthen my confidence that molecular simulation can advance the research on liquid crystal phases with a complex structure. 

Fig. 16. Molecular structure of 1-methylimidazolium ILs containing phenylterthiophene moiety (up), and schematic image of a nanostructured liquid crystal consisting of ionic and r-conjugated moieties (bottom) blank cylinders are neutral phenylterthiophene moieties dark cylinders are the oxidized ones smaller spheres and larger plates are triflate anions and imidazolium moieties, respectively. Reprinted from Yazaki et al. (2008a).

Yazaki, S. Funahashi, M. Kato, T. (2008a). An electrochromic nanostructured liquid crystal consisting of 7C-conjugated and ionic moieties. /. Am. Chem. Soc., 130,13206-13207. 

The aggregates created by amphiphiles are usually spherical (as in the case of micelles), but may also be disc-like (bicelles), rodlike, or biaxial (all three micelle axes are distinct) (Zana, 2008). These anisotropic self-assembled nanostructures can then order themselves in much the same way as liquid crystals do, forming large-scale versions of all the thermotropic phases (such as a nematic phase of rod-shaped micelles). 

In recent progress, calixarene resists have been prominent [105]. Hexaacetate p-methylcalix[6]arene was demonstrated to work as a high-resolution negative resist. This resist also shows high etch resistance. Calixarene resist has an advantage in its molecular size (about 1 nm). Liquid crystal resists and inorganic resists show high resolution [106]. These resists are suitable for the fabrication of nanostructures. However, the resist sensitivities are lower than those of chemically amplified resists, even PMMA. 

Fluorinated Liquid Crystals Design of Soft Nanostructures and Increased Complexity of Self-Assembly by Perfluorinated Segments... 

Fluorinated Liquid Crystals Design of Soft Nanostructures... 

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