Nanostructured electrospinning technique

Li, Z. and Wang, C., 2013. One-Dimensional nanostructures Electrospinning Technique and Unique Nanofibres, Berlin, Germany Springer. 

Recently, hierarchical nanostructured ZnO has been fabricated through electrospinning technique to enhance the photocatalytic performance. For example, Kanjwal and co-workers prepared ZnO nanobranches by electrospinning of the colloidal solution containing zinc nanoparticles, zinc acetate dehydrate, and PVA, followed by the calcination process and the hydrothermal treatment [29]. The photocatalytic activity of the hierarchical structure of ZnO is much higher than that of traditional electrospun ZnO nanofibers for the degradation of MB under UV light irradiation. 

PF nanofibers are a second example of a top-down nanostructure. These fibers are conveniently prepared by electrospinning [143,144], a technique applied to PFs in work by Chen et al. [145] and Jenekhe et al. [146]. An example of PF8 nanofibers is shown in Fig. 34. In this study various different PFs were blended with PMMA and depending on the molar ratio and mother solution used, either uniform or core-shell structures were obtained. PF ag-... 

One-dimensional (1-D) nanosbuctures (b) are composed mainly of nanowires, nanorods and nanobelts. Spontaneous growth, template-based synthesis and electrospinning are considered bottom-up approaches, while lithography is a top-down technique [7, 84]. Two-dimensional (2-D) nanostructures (c) involve thin films, which have been the object of intensive study for almost a century and for which many methods have been developed and improved. 

There are many experimental techniques for the preparation of nanowires from the liquid phase. A considerable research effort has been expended in developing template-free methods for the deposition of one-dimensional nanostructures in a liquid environment the most important procedures are hydrothermal methods, electrospinning,sonochemical and surfactant assisted. 

Electrospinning is another effective and versatile technique capable of generating onedimensional nanostructures from a variety of polymers (Lu et al., 2009). Compared to the... 

Design and fabrication of multidimensional nanostructures have been discussed for metals and ceramics in the previous chapters and most of the fabrication methods introduced earlier can be transferred to polymeric and composite systems. Generally, polymeric and composite nanostructures of different dimensions from 0-D (e.g., nanoparticles, nanodots) to 3-D (nanoscaffolds) can be fabricated by nanopattem-ing techniques, colloidal processes, electrospinning, physical and chemical vapor depositions, porogen strategy, self-assembly, and so on. These fabrication techniques discussed in the previous chapters are transferrable for preparing nanopolymers and... 

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