Nanostructured electrode materials positive electrodes

Yuan, A. B., M. Zhou, X. L. Wang, Z. H. Sun, and Y. Q. Wang. 2008. Synthesis and characterization of nanostructured manganese dioxide used as positive electrode material for electrochemical capacitor with lithium hydroxide electrolyte. Chinese Journal of Chemistry 26 65-69. 

In order to be able to properly examine the inherent activity of minute amounts of OER catalysts, one needs a substrate with minimal interference, extremely slow OER kinetics of its own and extraordinary stability at high positive electrode potentials. The unique featiues of 3M s Pt-NSTF (nanostructured thin film) catalyst [12] such as superior durability, electrochemical inertness at high potentials, and the absence of corrosion interference due to exposed carbrui, made it a logical choice as a support [13, 14]. It is well known that pure platinum has a high overpotential for OER. For instance, at a current density of 1 mA/cm, the OER on platinum proceeds at a potential that is 0.47 V higher than oti single crystal ruthenium oxide [15]. Thus, the OER partial current density oti the Pt-NSTF substrate wiU be orders of magnitudes lower than on ruthenium, iridium, and other similar OER-active materials. 

The first two parts of the chapter are dedicated to positive and negative materials, respectively, with a broad overview of the status of the R D specially oriented on nanomaterials optimization and nanostructuration effect. Then we will switch to some examples of practical performances and behavior of Li-ion cells using these new materials or nanostructured electrodes. 

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