Nanoscale clusters salts

Semmelhack demonstrated that the addition of alkali metal chloride salts can sometimes markedly increase the yields of coupling products in heterogeneous Pd-catalyzed reactions, especially when the olefin component contains an amide function [15]. It has been claimed that palladium-grafted mesoporous material (MCM-41), designated Pd-TMSll, is one of the most active heterogeneous catalysts for the Heck reaction and enables C-C formation with activated and non-activated aryl substrates [16a,b]. Nanoscale particles of palladium clusters prepared by the ultrasonic reduction of Pd(OAc)2 and NR4X in THF or methanol, were also active for C-C couplings [17]. 

Polyimide layers are suitable matrix for incorporation of metal, salts, chromophores as nanoscale particles to obtain of nanocomposite materials. It was discussed the possibility of use polyimides in materials chemistry and nanomateiials, one of these applications is the use for making biomedical implants for neurology, ophthalmology, biosensor device and chips which are a powerful tool in clinical diagnostics. Another important trend is use in electronics and optoelectronics such as dielectric substrates and intermediate barrier layers, creating nanocomposite films with various nanosized particles such as dyes, metal, dielectric and other clusters. 

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